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CNS Development (The embryo begins as a flat disk with three germ cell…
CNS Development
The embryo begins as a flat disk with three germ cell layers:
Endoderm
: develops into the lining of internal organs
Mesoderm
: bones and muscles
Ectoderm
: develops into the nervous system and skin
Three primary brain vesicles exist
Prosencephalon/Forebrain
(Most Rostral)
Will develop into the
telencephalon and diencephalon
, as well as the
lateral and third ventricles
Telencephalon becomes the
cerebral cortex
Diencephalon becomes/refers to
thalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencephalon/Midbrain
Will develop into the
cerebral aqueduct
Tectum
: differentiates into the superior and inferior colliculi
Tegementum
: differentiates into the susbtantia nigra and red nucleus
Rhombencephalon/Hindbrain
(Most Caudal)
metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla)
differentiation into the
medullary pyramids
: an important location at which corticospinal information decussates
beginnings of the development of the
fourth ventricle
neurulation
: refers to the neural plate becoming the neural tube
Possible clinical results of improper neurulation include anencephaly (failure of anterior tube to close) and spina bifida (failure of posterior tube to close)