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Climate Change (Impact (P: Lengthening the growing season (E:Higher…

- - - - cooling influence
        E: ·When a volcano erupts, large volumes of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, water vapor, dust and ash are released into the atmosphere.
        ·Sulfur dioxide reacts with the water in the air to form sulfur based chemicals.
        ·Together with the dust and ash, these particles reflect the sun's ray, resulting in the decrease of global temperature.
        E': E.G., In 1991, Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted and released 17 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide. The sulfur-based particles lowered the temperature in the northern hemisphere by 6℃.
        For example, the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1875 caused the mean global temprature to drop by 1.7℃.
    - - sun spot
        When there are a lot of sun spots, the global temprature increases.
  - - - Removal of trees to clear area for mining activities, agriculture, construction of infrastructure and to meet the increasing demand for products such as paper and furniture.
        There are fewer trees and photosynthesis and therefore leading to an increase in carbon dioxide which traps more.heat.
      - E:Deforestation exposes more soil to sunlight and increases the soil temperature, leading to a faster rate of carbon oxidation that contribute to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
        carbon oxidation refers to accumulated carbon from the decay of dead leaves and animals reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.
      - E': For example, Amazon forest in South America has the highest rate of deforestation due to the need for development activities such as cattle ranching and commercial logging.
    - - E: Decomposition of dead leaves and animals in the rising number of rice fields releases more methane that traps more heat.
        Rearing more cattle increases methane that was released as a waste gas.
        The use of nitrogen-based fertiliser to increase yield release nitrous oxide which is a greenhouse gas and s formed when rain flows through the soil.
      - E': For example, in Argentina, methane from the cow's accounts for more than 30 per cent of the country's total greenhouse emissions.
    - - E: An increasing number of people living in urban area will directly lead to the burning of more fossil fuels to produce energy for domestic, industries and commercial activities.
        This increases carbon dioxide that is produced when fossil fuels are burnt.
      - E': For example, the world's fastest urbanisation is in India and India is also one of the top contributors of global carbon dioxide due to the burning of fossil fuels.
    - - E:Increasing urbanisation leads to an increase in industrial activities to produce goods and services for the people.
        More fossil fuel is burnt to supply energy for the manufacturing of goods and this leads to more carbon dioxide.
      - E':For example, China and India are contributing a lot to global carbon dioxide emission due to their high level of industrial processes, using fossil fuels as their main energy source.
    - - An increase in concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in global temperature - global warming.
- - - - P:Reducing the use of fossil fuels refers to switching the main energy source to cleaner sources instead of fossil fuels which release high level greenhouse gas.
      - E:This is effective as greenhouse gas emission will be reduced greatly by using a cleaner source of energy. It is also a more sustainable option as the deposit of fossil fuels is depleting and we cannot rely on it indefinitely.
      - E: For example, Singapore Green Plan