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PHYSIOLOGY QUIZ- (BRAIN :face_with_head_bandage: (White vs. Gray Matter…

- - - - white matter
      - gray matter
        
        unmylinated neurons
        
        Ventral (ant.) and dorsal (post.) horns
        
        inner portion (SC)
    - - white matter
        
        inner portion (brain)
        
        fibers tracts in CNS
        
        myelinated axons
      - gray matter
        
        unmyelinated axons & cell bodies
        
        outer layer (brain)
        
        nuclei/ ganglia: clusters of cell bodies in the brain
  - - - Association Areas- found in ALL lobes integrate info
      - Occipital Lobe
        
        vision :eye:
      - Temporal Lobe
        
        Hearing :ear:
      - Parietal Lobe
        
        Primary Somatosensory Cortex (receives sensory info) :fax:
      - Frontal Lobe
        
        Behavior, Primary Motor Cortex (crtl skeletal muscle) :man-running::skin-tone-4:
  - - - Diencephalon
      - Cerebrum
    - - Hindbrain
        
        Medulla
        
        Cerebellum
        
        Pons
      - Midbrain
- - - - Synapses directly on skeletal muscles
      - One Long Neuron
      - motor neuron cell bodies originate in central horn of SC
      - Branch close to target [1 motor neuron can control many muscle fibers]
  - - - post synaptic membrane (motor end plate)
      - nicotinic (chollinergic) receptors
    - - presynaptic axon terminal
      - vesicles (ACh)/ mitochondria
- - - - Cardiac
        
        ,
      - Skeletal
        
        Voluntary
    - - Smooth m.
        
        Involuntary
  - - - Multinucleated
      - Large cylindrical fiber
      - Single skeletal muscle cell
      - Anatomy (see terminology)
    - - :small_red_triangle_down:Somatic motor neuron depolarization reaches axon (Voltage dependent Ca++ channels open releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
      - :small_red_triangle_down:2 Molecules of ACh
      - :small_red_triangle_down: Stim from the CNS sent down via the the lateral corticospinal tract
      - :small_red_triangle_down: Cation channel opens allowing Na+ to flow into muscle fiber, K+ flows out
    - - sarcoplasmic reticulum- membranous channels similar to E.R.
      - T- tubules- (transverse tubules) Tubular structure that joins with the sarcolemma & conducts Action Potential into muscle fiber
      - sarcoplasm- cytoplasm of fiber (cell)
      - Myofibrils- Bundles of contractile fibers, Main component of muscle fiber, about 1000+ per muscle fiber
      - sarcolemma- plasma mem.
      - Myofilaments- Myosin (Thick) and Actin (Thin)
      - MUSCLE FIBER
        
        MYOFIBRILS
        
        SARCOMERE
        
        MYOSIN
        
        ACTIN
- - - - myelinated axons
      - Fiber Tracts carrying info to & from the brain
        
        lateral spinalthalamic tract (ascending :arrow_heading_up: ) sensory info about pain and temp
        
        ventral spinalthalamic tract (ascending :arrow_heading_up: )
        
        lateral cortico spinal tract (descending :arrow_heading_down:) voluntary control of skeletal muscles (motor)
      - outer portion (SC)
    - - Dorsal/ Posterior Horns
        
        sensory (afferent) info via spinal nerve then dorsal root to dorsal horn
        
        Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) sensory neuron cell bodies housed here.
      - Ventral/ Anterior horns
        
        motor neuron cell bodies housed here. motor (afferent) crtl out via ventral root then spinal nerve
    - - Thoracic
      - Lumbar
      - Cervical
      - Sacral/ Coccygeal