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General Anasthetics - Inhalation Anaesthetics (Halothane :check: (Side…
General Anasthetics - Inhalation Anaesthetics
Nitrous Oxide
:explode:
Extremely low potency
Only used as sole agent in minor surgery
Used as adjunct
Rapid onset of action
due to low blood:gas partition coefficient
Equilibrium is established very quickly
Side effects
Prolong exposure lead to bone marrow depression
No major side effects on blood pressure
May cause anoxia
can be given with oxygen
Ether
:tada:
Slow onset and recovery
Postoperative nausea and vomitting
Analgesic
and muscle relaxant
Irritant to respiratory tract
Increased bronchial secretions
Can be treated with anti-muscarinics
Bronchodilation
Side effecs
Increase blood pressure
:!!:
Halothane
:check:
Widely used
Rapid
action/induction and recovery
Highly potent
Not analgesic
:!!:
Has a relaxant effect onto the uterus - may cause post-partum bleeding
Side effects
hepatoxicity
malignant hyperthermia
Respiratory and cardiac failure
at high dose
Hypotension
- ganglion block and direct vasodilation
Enflurane
:smiley:
Produce less fluoride than methoxyflurane
Reduce renal toxicity
Low lipophilicity
Rapid onset and elimination
Side effects
Seizures
Malignant hyperthermia
Isoflurane
:black_flag:
Does not have the proconvulsive (seizure)effect of enflurane
Side effects
Hypotension
Isoflurane is a powerful coronary vasodilator
Exacerbate
cardiac ischemia
Similar to enflurane
Desflurane
:pencil2:
Low lipophilicity and low solubility in blood
Rapid induction and recovery
for
day case
surgery
Side effects
Coughing and bronchospasm
Sevoflurane
:red_flag:
More potent
Does not cause respiratory depression
Side effects
Malignant hypothermia
Cyclopropane
:warning:
Rarely used
Increase blood pressure
at low dose
Can cause
cardiac arrhythmias
Treat with propanolol and lignocaine
respiratory depression