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ANITANGINAL DRUGS (Acetylsalicylic acid i.e aspirin (Mechanism of action)…
ANITANGINAL DRUGS
Acetylsalicylic acid
i.e aspirin
Mechanism of action
mainly the aspirin reduces inflammation, reliefs pain and prevents formation of clots. much of this is believed to be due to decreased prostaglandins. aspirin has the ability to supress the production of prostaglandind and thromboxanes due it irrevesable inactivation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme.
Indication
This medication is used to treat the following:
-fever
-pains
-inflammation
This medication is also used to to treat pain associated with the following:
-arthritis
-heart attack
-blood clots
-angina
contra-indications
The use of this medication is contraindicated to patients with the following conditions:
-inadequate vitamin K
-gout
-severe anemia
-hemophilia
-decrease in the blood clotting protein prothrombin
-stomach ulcers
side effects
patients should seek medical help if they develop signs of allergic reaction like the following:
-hives
-difficult in breathing
-swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat
They should stop using this medication if the following symptoms develop:
-passing of black, bloody or tarry stool
-vomitus that looks like coffee grounds
-severe nausea, vomiting or stomach pains
hearing problems, ringing in patients ears
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Calcuim antagonists
i.e Verapamil
mechanism of action
this drugs works by inhibiting the calcium ion influx through slow channels into conductile and contractile myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. it workd by relaxing the blood vessels so that the heart does not have to pump too hard. it also increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart and slow electrical activity of the heart to control heart rate.
indications
this medication is used to treat the following conditions:
-angina (chest pains)
-hypertension
-certain heart disorders
-diabetic kidney disease
NURSING CONSIDARATION
Contra-indications
the use of this medication is contra-indicated to patients with the following conditions:
-slow heart rate
-heart failure of the left ventricular dysfunction
-patients with hypersensitivity to verapamil
storage condition
store this medication on room temperature, away from moisture, heat and light.
-store it away from reach of childrens
route of adminitration
this medication should not be crushed,chewed or breaked or open an extended capsule of verapamil
-it should be swallowed as a whole.
this medication is only taken orally.
side effects
the common side effect of this medication are as follows:
-low blood pressure
-constipation
-nausea
muscle pains
-hives and difficult in breathing
-dizziness
-edema and congestive heart failure
beta-blockers
i.e propanolol
mechanism of action
this medication reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given point by blocking the catecholamine-induced increase in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure.
this compete with the sympathomimetic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding to beta-1 adrenegic receptors in the heart, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation. this reduces the heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output.
indications
this medication is used to prevent chest pains (angina) and also to treat irregular heart beat, high blood pressure and tremors. it is also used after heart attack to increase chances of survival
NURSING CONSIDERATION
side effects
the following side effects may be present as the body is still adjusting to the medication:
-dizziness
-lightheadedness or tiredness
-nausea and vomiting
-stomach pains
patient should seek for medical help if it persist for long time
notify the doctor soon as possable if the following side effects develops:
-shortness of breath or wheezing chest
-blue finger or toes
-swollen ankles and feets
-mental or mood changes
storage condition
store this medication on temperature.
-keep it away from heat, moisture and out of reach of children's
contra-indications
patient should not take this mediacation if they suffer from the following conditions:
-asthma
-heart condition especial slow heart rate
-sick sinus syndrome
-severe hypotension
-hypoglycemia
route of administration
this medication is taken orally usually twice or 4 times a day.
-take this medication before meal.
use the measuring spoon if you take liquid medication in order to get correct measurements.
-do not chew, break, crush or open a capsule, swallow it as a whole
nitrates
e.g nitroglycerin
mechanism of action
nitroglycerin is converted to nitric oxide, an active intermediate compound which activates the enzyme guanylate cyclic guanosine 3,5 mono-phosphate which then activates a series of protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation in the smooth muscle cell. the release of calcium ions results in the relaxation of the smooth muscle cell and vasodilation
indication
this medication is the medication of choice used to treat or prevent heart pain (angina) caused by heart disease usually the arteries of the heart
NURSING CONSIDARATION
side effects
common side effect of nitrate are as follows:
-headache
-dizziness
-lightheadedness
-flushing of the skin
-low blood pressure
-burning and tingling under the tongue
-itching of the skin
skin irritation-
storage condition
-store this medication in a cool dry place away from heat and moisture
-protect from light
-keep away from reach of children
Contra-indications
nitroglycerin is contraindicated to patients who suffer from the following conditions:
-severe anemia
-severe heart rate
-hemorrhage in the brain
-high blood pressure within the skull
-abnormally low blood pressure
-also those who are allergic to nitrate
route of administration
this medication is placed under the tongue or between the cheeks and gums of the first sign of angina attack.
1 tablet should be used every 15 minutes.
Do not take more than 3 tablets in 30 minutes