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Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems (Plants in Relationship to Their…
Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems
Concepts
population
no isolation
coexists with numerous populations
rarely stable
lots of change
community
physical environment
non-living environment
ecosystem
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Abiotic Components of the Habitat
Climate
tolerance range
soil factors
pioneers
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
Latitude and Altitude
Disturbance
fires
landslides
snow avalanches
flood
Biotic Components of the Habitat
The Plant Itself
Other Plant Species
mutualism
competition
competitive exclusion
niche
ecotypes
transplant experiments
common garden
Organisms Other Than Plants
frugivores
commensal relationships
predation
herbivores
herbivory
browsing
grazing
pathogenic
habitat
operational habitat
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries of the Geographic Range
limiting factor
Local Geographic Distribution
random distribution
clumped distribution
uniform distributions
allelochemics
allelopathy
r- and K-Selection
r = biotic potential
K = carrying capacity of the ecosystem
r-Selection
disturbance
r-selected species
annuals
small shrubby perennials
K-selected species
long-lived conifers
Age Distribution: Demography
generation time
intrinsic rate of natural increase
biotic potential
carrying capacity
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
life forms
three useful categories
trees
shrubs
herbs
Species Composition
number of coexisting species
diversity of coexisting diversities
Temporal Structure
changes in ecosystem
time for change
Trophic Levels
feeding levels
primary producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
Decomposers
energy flow
carbon flow
