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Chapter 18: Classification and Systematics (Levels of Taxonomic Categories…
Chapter 18: Classification and Systematics
Concepts
phylogeny
systematics
nomenclature
natural system of classification
Levels of Taxonomic Categories
species
genera (genus)
monophyletic
polyphyletic group
family
order
class
divison
kingdom
species epithet
taxon
Cladistics
Understanding Cladograms
cladogram
evolutionary patterns
node
divergent of taxons
common ancestor
clade
apomorphy
ancestral condition
most recent common ancestor
paraphyletic group
uninformative
symplesiomorphy
parsimony
equally parsimonious
unresolved polychotomy
Cladograms and Taxonomic Categories
basal angiosperms
eudicots
synapomorphies (homologous features)
homoplasies (analogous features)
Other Types of Classification Systems
Artificial Systems of Classifications
key characters
easy to observe
obvious features
Classification Systems for Fossils
artificial classification
natural classifications
form genera
Taxonomic Studies
type specimen
isotypes
research is carried out
The Major Lines of Evolution
three domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
grade classification
kingdom Plantae
