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Chapter 3 - The coming of war (Barrage balloons (large balloon filled with…
Chapter 3 - The coming of war
What were Hitler's main aims?
Hitler's main aims were to restore Germany as a Great Power and to unite all German- speaking people under his rule
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles didn't let Hitler achieve his aims
How was Germany disarmed?
The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany's army could only have 100,000 people and that conscription was no longer allowed
Appeasement (giving into demands to keep the peace)
Arguments for appeasement
It could avoid war by negotiating rather than violence
Depression of the 1930s meant that Britain's economy was still recovering - war was costly
Appeasement was a better option than relying on the League of Nations
Horrors of WW1 - anything that could avoid violence should be followed
Arguments against appeasement
Seemed to undermine Britain's key role as a permanent member of the League of Nations
Each act of appeasement (the Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia) allowed Hitler to become stronger, could be seen as an encouragement of war
Suggested that Britain was prepared to betray other countries
Made Britain look weak as Britain always appeared to give in; made Hitler more confident and made him think he would always get what he wanted
Evacuation
Successful
Saved many lives
Some children saw countryside for the first time
evacuees stayed with wealthier people, healthy diets, fresh air etc
evacuation showed better off people in the countryside and the social problems; increased demand for change
Unsuccessful
Some people tried to avoid taking in evacuees
organisation was poor - the way in which evacuees were lined up and inspected
Host families had to cope with different standards of behaviour
Evacuees were homesick; split up from their siblings
Evacuees experienced bullying
The Blitz
The bombing of British Cities
Targeted places were anywhere with exits (places with docks and factories)
Aims were to force Britain to surrender and to destroy the lives of British Civillians so that the Government would come to terms with Hitler
Radar -mid 1930s, sophisticated defence system
made it possible to track German planes
British had nerve centres collecting info and passing it to the fighter planes to intercept the German planes
Anti-aircraft guns
capable of rapid high-rate fire at high angles
could fire 120 rounds per minute
Barrage balloons
large balloon filled with gas that was lighter than air and attached to a steel cable
designed to float in air at altitudes that would deny low level air space to attacking enemy aircraft, forcing aircraft to fly higher making bombing less accurate
1936 Comittee of Imperial Defence had 450 barrage ballons built to protect London
August 1940, 2,368 barrage balloons flew over major strategic zones in Britain