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Climate Change (Management (Planting Trees
Trees act as carbon sinks,…
Climate Change
Management
Planting Trees
Trees act as carbon sinks, removing Co2 from the atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis.They also release moisture into the atmosphere. This has a cooling effect by producing more cloud, reducing incoming solar radiation
Plantation forests can absorb CO2 at a faster rate than natural forests and can do effectively for up to 50 years
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Carbon Capture
Carbon capture and storage uses technology to capture CO2 produced from the use of fissil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes
It is possible to capture up to 90% pf the CO2 that would otherwise enter the atmosphere
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Impacts
On farming
Flooding is more likely to happen which will therefore flood important agricultural land in countries such as Bangladesh, India and Vietnam
Water Supply
Climate change is already causing more severe and more frequent droughts and floods
Unreliable rainfall and periods of water shortage require careful management
Future climate change will affect the current patterns of water suppl, impacting the quantity and quality of our water
Rising Sea Levels
Sea levels have risen by 20cm since 1900
By 2100 sea levels are expected to rise by a further 26-82cm
Causes
Natural
Change in Earth's Orbit
Natural Causes of climate change include: change is earth's orbit, variations in heat output from the sun and volcanic activity.
The Milankovitch.
The Milankovitch cycle includes eccentricity.This describes the path of the earth as it orbits the sun. The earth's orbit is not fixed and it changes from being almost circular to being middly elliptical. This usually occurs every 100000 years.
In this cycle it also includes an axial tilt. This is when the earth spins on its axis. The earths axis is currently tilted at 23.5 degrees. However over a certain amount of years the earths moves back and forth between two extremes.
The last cycle is precession. This is where they describe a natural wobble. A complete wobble cycle can take up to around 26,000 years. This only occurs in certain regions such as the northern norway which experiance very long days and very long nights at certain points of the year.
Solar Activity
Scientists have said that cyclical changes in solar energy output linked to the presence of sunspots. They say a sunspot is a dark patch that appears from time to time on surface of the sun. The number of sunspots increases from a minimum to a maximum over a period of 11 years. This 11 year period is called a sunspot cycle.
Volcanic Activity
Volcanic eruptions include huge blast of ash, gases and liquids. However volcanic ash blocks the sun which then reduces temperatures which also tends to be a short-term impact. The droplets result in conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid which act as little mirrors reflecting radiation form the sun. It could last a lot longer which results in affecting the climate change for many years.
Human
Methane
Methane are very effective for absorbing heat. which accounts for 20% of the enhanced greenhouse effect.
For example: farm livestock, decaying organic matter in landfill sites and compost tips, rice farming and burning biomass for energy.
CO2 Emissions
Carbo dioxide accoints for an estimate of 60% of the greenhouse effect. Global concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 30% from 1850.
For example: Car exhaust, burning fossil fuels, deforestation and burning of wood.
Nitrous Oxides
Is a very small concentrations in the atmosphere are up to 300 times more effective in capturing heat than carbon dioxide.
For example: car exhaust, agriculture fertilizers, power station producing electricity and sewage treatment.
Greenhouse gases make the atmosphere allow most of the heat from the sun to pass straight through it to warm up the earths surface. But when the earth gives off heat in form of long-radiation, some gases like carbon dioxide and methane are able to absorb it too. These gases are called greenhouse gases.
Evidence
Historical Evidence
temperature has changed over time, its not as cold as it used to be. the last 2.6 million years is called the Quaternary period , during this the temp fluctuated but over has cooled.
since 1880 the average global temp has risen by 0.85 degrees most of this increase has occurred since mid 1970
Recent Evidence
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Sea Level
The average global sea level has risen between 10-20 cm in the past 100 years, this is due to two reasons.
When temperatures rise and freshwater ice melts, more water flows to the sea from glaciers and ice caps.
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