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Chapter 3: NUTRIENTS (CARBOHYDRATES (functions (for the formation of…
Chapter 3: NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
made up of the elements, carbon,oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the ratio 2:1
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REACTIONS
condensation reaction
two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water
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functions
for the formation of nucleic acids, for example, DNA
to synthesise lubricants, for example, mucus, which consists of a carbohydrate and a protein
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to synthesise the nectar in some flowers. Nectar is a sweet liquid that plants produce to attract insects
to form supporting structures, for example, cell walls in plants
as a substrate for respiration, to provide energy for cell activities
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FATS
made up of the elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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sources of fats: butter, cheese, fatty meat, olives, many nuts, peas, beans, seeds of castor oil and palm oil. Fishes such as herring and salmon
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functions
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an essential part of protoplasm, especially in cell membranes
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PROTEINS
made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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sources of proteins: animal food include milk, eggs, seafood and meat such as chicken and lean beef. plant foods include soya beans, nuts, grains and vegetables such as French beans
it must be broken down as the molecules are too large to pass through the living cell surface membrane
functions
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synthesis of new protoplasm, for growth and repair of worn-out body cells
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