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Programming Environment (Computer Program (Computers only understand…
Programming Environment
Computer Program
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computer software is everything a computer does from browsing the internet to writing documents or playing music, works because of code written by a computer programmer
Consoles which are just another type of computer, and all the games that run on them are program. all the graphics, sounds and controls are written in computer code
computers may seem very smart but they are actually jst boxes that follow instructions very quickly and accurately. as intelligent hmans we can get them to carry out different tasks by writing programs, or list of instructions
you can tell a computer what to do by writing a set of very detailed instructions called a program. each instructions has to be small enough that the computer can understand it. if the instructions are incorrect, the computer wont behave the way you want it to
some of the most common popular coding languages are: C, Ada, Java, Scratch, MATLAB
all programs are finally converted into binary code a basic computer language that uses only ones and zeros
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Instructions should be, specific, individual, clear, simple and self-contained
the sequence of instruction is very important because if you don't follow instructions in the sequence they fall in you could end up creating something completely different than what was intended
4 basic fundamental instructions you give a computer include, add 2 numbers together, display a letter on screen, check if the user hit the space bar and change the colour of one individual pixel
the instructions we give a computer must make sense because if we were to give the computer instructions which didn't this could lead to instructions being misinterpreted and therefore errors occurring as incorrect steps are being carried out
statements are used when programming. statements are similar to English because they make use of sentences. in English, they make use of words, numbers and punctuation to express one thought, one individual piece, most programming statements are pretty short
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translation process
Programming language is a formal language designed to communicate instructions to a computer. There are two different types of programming languages, low level languages and high level languages.
Low level languages are referred to as low because they are very close to how different hardware components of a computer actually communicate with each other. Low level languages are machine orientated and require extensive knowledge of computer hardware and its configuration. There are two levels of low level language these include, machine language and assembly language.
Machine language/machine code is language that is directly understood by the computer, and it does not need to be translated. All instructions use binary notation and are written in a sting of 1 and 0. Technically speaking this is the only language computer hardware understands, however, binary notation is very difficult for humans to understand and this is where assembly languages are put to use.
Assembly language is the first step to improved programming structure and make machine code more readable by humans. An assembly language consists of a set of symbols and letters. They are still used today on the operating system of electronic devices and technical applications, which use very precise timing and optimization of computer resources.
An assembler is a translator program. It is sometimes referred to as a 2nd generation language because it no longer makes use of 1 and 0 to write instructions but terms like, move, add, sub and end.
A high level language is a programming language that uses English and mathematical symbols in its instructions. Examples of high level languages include, C++, Fortran, Java and Python
A compiler is a computer program that translates a program written in a high-level language to the machine language of a computer. The high level program is referred to as the source code. The entire source4 code needs to be compiled before it can execute the code. Compiled files generally have an ‘EXE’ extension. When you wish to re-run code which has been compiled you can do it without having to re-compile the code.
An interpreter is a computer program that simulates a computer that understands a high-level language. The interpreter executes the code line by line. Every time you wish to run the computer you need to follow the interpretation process again.
Bytecode is a form of machine code for a virtual machine, which perhaps is live on a mobile device.
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