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Topic 3 - Periodicity (3.2 Periodic trends (Metallic character (Periodic…

- - - - Law of triads
    - - Law of octaves
    - - The periodic law
    - - Modern periodic law
  - - - Main-group elements
        
        s-block elements
        
        p-block elements
      - Transition elements
        
        d-block elements
        
        f-block elements
        
        Lanthanoids
        
        Actinoids
- - - - Increasing effective nuclear charge
      - Increased protons
    - - Shielding effect
      - Increased energy levels
  - - - Smaller than parent because increased protons
    - - Larger than parent because increased electrons
        
        AOL = AniOn Larger
  - - - Increased ENC makes it harder to remove an electron
      - Decreased atomic radii
    - - Atomic radii increases
      - Shielding effect weakens attraction between nucleus and valence electrons
  - - - Want to obtain their full shells
      - Exception: As (does not want to begin filling second level of p orbitals)
    - - No discernible universal trend
  - - - Basic to acidic
        
        Al2O3(s) = amphoteric
      - Decreases
  - - - Reactions more vigorous as we move from top to bottom
        
        Reaction between halogens and alkali metals
        
        Reactions between halogens and halides
    - - Reactions less vigorous as we move from top to bottom
        
        Harder to gain an electron