Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Family Diversity (Chester (1985): the neo-conventional family (Patterns;…

- - - - Similar to Y&W symmetrical fam
  - - - e.g divorcees, widows, young peeps
  - - - Most children raised by natural parents
    - - Divorce has increased but divorcees remarry
    - - Moust coups get married if they have children
    - - a.i parents committed brining up child as a couple
  - - - views differ; chester sees change from conventional to neo-conventional where both spouses play an 'instrumental' role
- - - - Where cultures and lifestyles = more diverse
  - - - not as abnormal deviation from the assumed norm of 'proper' nuke fam
  - - - differences in ways fam roles organised
        
        e.g some coups have joint conj roles and 2 wage earners, others have seg conj roles and 1 wage earner
    - - Different cultural, religious or ethnic groups have different family structures
        
        e.g higher proportion of female-headed LP fams among african-caribbean HH and higher proportion of extended fams among asian HH
    - - Differences in family struc partly due to income differences between HH and different SCs
        
        Thus, differences in raising child
    - - Family structures differ according to stage reached in life cycle
        
        e.g young newlyweds, coups with dependant kids, retired coups with grown up kids, and widows living along
    - - Older and younger gens have different attitudes and experiences that reflect historical periods which they've lived
        
        e.g they may have different views about the morality of divorce or cohab
- - - - e.g in music and film
    - - New ideas which challenged the classical modernist theories
  - - - Economic
        
        capitalist industrial economy with specialised workers, mass production consumption
      - Political
        
        increasingly centralised, bureaucratic nation state
      - Cultural
        
        traditional thinking replaced by rational scientific thinking
  - - - reversal away from deskilled mass of unionised workers
      - Flexible, female, part time, self-employment, job moving, more services and cultural products and new media and niche products
    - - concerned with image rather than objects
      - cultural phenomena important
    - - Centralised states less important
      - TNR reduced state control
      - Globalisation has weakened some nation states
- - - - Oakley (1997)
        
        XC studies show great variation in gender roles performed in fam
        
        TNR incorrect assumption that gender roles fixed by bio
        
        TNR view is negative reaction against feminist campaign for women's equality
      - Conventional nuclear family favourd by TNR based on patriarchal oppression of women and is fundamental cause of gender inequality
        
        Prevents women working, keeps them financially dependant and denies equal say in decision making
    - - (of same social class)
    - - depends on meaning of relationship
        
        Some see cohab as temporary, others see as permanent alternative
    - - rate of cohab higher in poorer social groups
        
        could be poverty causing breakdown of relationships not the decision not to marry
  - - - (the traditional/nuclear one)
    - - place of refuge, contentment and harmony
    - - i.e cohabitation, gay marriage and lone parenthood
        
        Argue that decline of nuclear family and growth of fam diversity = causes of social problems
        
        Lone-parent fams
        
        See has harmful to children
        
        Lone mums can't discipline child properly
        
        Leave boys without adult male role model
        
        ∴ edu failure, delinquency and social instability
        
        Fams likely to be poorer ∴ burden on welfare state and taxpayers
        
        results from breakdown of couple relationships - (cohabitation vs marriage)
        
        Benson 2006
        
        Over first 3 years of baby's life, rate of breakup higher in cohabiting than married
        
        20% - co vs 6% marri
        
        TNR - marriage = stable environment to bring up kids
        
        Benson (2010-2011)
        
        couples = more stable when married
        
        divorce rate < breakups in cohab
        
        marriage needs deliberate commitment ∴ more stable, cohab allows peeps to avoid commitment & responsibility
        
        TNR & conservative pols used evidence to support view that fam and soc are at large 'broken'
        
        only a return in 'traditional values' (including value of marriage) prevent soc disintegration and damage to children
        
        Regard laws and policies as undermining the conventional family
        
        ∴ Benson says gov needs to encourage couples to marry by means of policies that support marriage
    - - Single parents underclass socialising children into dependency culture
- - - - performing 2 'irreducible functions'
        
        Primary socialisation & stabilisation of adult personalities
  - - - As less able to perform required functions