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IMPORTANT LIVE FOOD ORGANISMS AND THEIR ROLE IN AQUACULTURE (Microalgae…
IMPORTANT LIVE FOOD ORGANISMS
AND THEIR ROLE IN AQUACULTURE
Live food organisms include all plants (phytoplankton) and animal (zooplankton) lives
grazed upon by economically important fishes
Phytoplanktons are generally eaten by
zooplankton
A disease free healthy stock can be maintained by feeding live food to the cultured stock along with supplemented artificial feed
Supplemented artificial feed can not meet all the elements required for the growth of fish. So, fish and shellfish must be fed with live food.
Zooplankton is required as a first food for many
cultured fish; for others it contributes to faster growth and higher survival
Larvae of fish
and shellfish cannot feed artificial supplemented feed
They require small size live foods for their nutrition.
Live foods are easily digestible protein rich diet for fish and shellfish.
Microalgae
Chlorophyta (green algae), Phaeophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae).Brown and red algae are mostly marine forms while green algae i.e. Chlorophyta is mostly freshwater and free floating type
source of protein
wastewater treatment, nutrient recycling, bioconservation
of solar energy
Mass culture of unicellular algae such as diatoms (viz. Chaetoceros and Skeletonema) and small phytoplankters (viz. Isochrysis, Tetraselmis and Chlorella) is becoming quite popular for feeding larvae of fishes, prawns, shrimps and molluscs in aquaculture hatcheries.
Small size ranging from 5 to 25 microns meeting the feed size requirements ideally well for early stages of various aquatic animals
micro algae is used as an essential food source for rearing all stages of marine bivalve molluscs (clams, oysters, scallops), gastropods (abalone, conch), larvae of fishes (cod, halibut, tilapia) and shrimps (Penaeus sp).
Micro algae also constitute an important source of food for live food organisms (rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, brine shrimp etc.) used in aqua hatcheries
Micro algae are frequently supplied together with rotifers during first feeding of marine larvae. This technique has normally enhanced survival as well as growth. Two types of live feeds have been used for rotifer production; live algal cells such as Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis tetrathele and Chlorella vulgaris, and a
supplementary food such as baker’s yeast
stimulates enzymatic synthesis and on-set of feeding in young larvae
Infusoria
Infusoria refers to microscopic single celled animalcules belonging to the class - Ciliata of phylum - Protozoa. Besides being small in size, they are soft bodied and nutritionally very rich and therefore, serve ideally as starter diet for early stages of fish larvae
Rotifer
Rotifers are popularly called as wheel animalcules. They are an important group of live food organisms for use in aqua hatcheries
serve as an ideal starter diet for early larval stages of many fish and prawn species in marine as well as freshwater
It is well suited to mass culture because it is prolific and tolerates a wide variety of environmental conditions
The nutritional value of rotifers for larval fish depends on the rotifers’ food source. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) are essential for the survival and growth of fish larvae
*Pronob Das1, Sagar C. Mandal2, S. K. Bhagabati3, M. S. Akhtar4 and S. K. Singh4.IMPORTANT LIVE FOOD ORGANISMS AND THEIR ROLE IN AQUACULTURE.Frontiers in Aquaculture, Pages 69–86 Edited by : Munilkumar Sukham Copyright © 2012, Narendra Publishing
House