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Cardiovascular System (Clinical terms (End systolic volume (Volume of…
Cardiovascular System
Clinical terms
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Afterload
Resistance in arteries to the ejection of blood by the ventricle, and represents the pressure that must be exceeded before blood is ejected from the chamber
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Frank-Starling Law
States that as the volume of blood entering the blood increases, there is greater stretch go the heart wall; a more forceful ventricular contraction is generated and stroke volume increases
Cardiac output
Amount of blood that is pumped by a single ventricle in one minute; is usually expressed as liters per minute
Anatomy of the heart
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Chambers
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Left ventricle
Receives blood from left atrium and pumps it throughout the body; has a thicker wall than right ventricle
The cardiac cycle
Ventricular ejection
Ventricular plateau and repolarization; ventricles contracting; atria are relaxed; AV valves are closed and semilunar valves open; ventricular blood volume decreases as blood is ejected
Isovolumtric relaxation
Ventricles complete repolarization and then no electrical activity; ventricles relaxing; atria are relaxed; AV valves and semilunar valves are closed, ventricular blood volume remains the same
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Electrical conduction
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Action potential is distributed throughout both atrium and is relayed to the AV node; the action potential is delayed at the AV node; the action potential travels from the Av node through the AV bundle to Purkinje fibers; the action potential spreads throughout both ventricles via gap junctions
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