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Endocrine System : (Hypothalamus (Interaction with Anterior Pituitary…

- - - - First messenger = peptide hormone vs. Second messenger = transmission of second signal
    - - Rapid, but short-lived
- - - - Increased excretion from kidneys
      - Decreased calcium absorption from the gut
      - Increased storage of calcium in the bone
- - - - Secreted when blood glucose levels are low (fasting)
      - Promotes creation of glucose
  - - - Secreted when blood glucose levels are high
      - Promotes fat and protein synthesis
  - - - Inhibitor of insulin & glucagon
      - Secreted at high blood glucose levels and amino acid concentrations
- - - - Stimulates milk production
    - - Decrease the perception of pain
    - - promotes the growth of bone and muscle
      - prevents unnecessary glucose uptake by tissues that are not growing and provides it to tissue that are growing
- - - - Regulate glucose levels
        
        Cortisone
        
        Raise blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing protein synthesis
        
        Decrease inflammation and immunologic responses
        
        Cortisol
        
        Stress hormone
        
        Increase blood glucose in case body needs to react quickly to a dangerous stimulus
    - - Salt & Water homeostasis
        
        Aldosterone
        
        Increases sodium reabsorption
        
        Decreases the reabsorption of potassium and hydrogen ions = promoting their excretion
    - - Androgen
      - Estrogen
- - - - Can increase the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
      - Increase basal metabolic rate
    - - Increase heart rate
      - Dilate bronchi