Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 16: Genetics (Mutations (Causes of Mutations (mutagen, radiation,…
Chapter 16: Genetics
Mutations
Somatic Mutations
never lead to sex cells
Effects of Mutations
produces wrong amino acid
proteins do not function properly
inactivate a gene
some mutations can be useful
Causes of Mutations
mutagen
radiation
certain chemicals
insertion sequences
transposon
DNA Repair Processes
large genomes cannot be perfectly repaired
change in DNA
point mutation
deletion
insertion
inversion
Replication of DNA
DNA replicated in S phase
replicon
primer RNA
DNA polymerase
DNA-synthysizing enzyme
semiconservative replication
replication fork
ligated
3' end
Concepts
genotype
phenotype
alleles
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
Monohybrid Crosses
Monohybrid Crosses with Incomplete Dominance
Parental generation
F1 (first filial generation)
F2
homozygous
heterozygous
incomplete dominance
Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance
dominant
recessive
Crossing Heterozygotes with Themselves
Selfing
1:2:1
punnett square
Test Crosses
complete dominance
pure-bred lines
Multiple Alleles
capital letters
lowercase letters
Dihybrid Crosses
Crossing-over
Prophase 1
farther apart genes = greater crossing-over possibilities
Genes on the Same Chromosome: Linkage
do not undergo independent assortment
recombinant chromosomes
parental type chromosomes
map unit (1 centimorgan)
Genes on Separate Chromosomes: Independent Assortment
independent movement of alleles
9:3:3:1
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Multiple Sets of Chromosomes and Gene Families
polyploid
nondisjunction
paralogs
gene family
Lethal Alleles
presence can kill a plant
difficult to detect
Maternal Inheritance
biparental inheritance
uniparental inheritance
maternal inheritance
pollen parent
ovule parent
variegation
spots
red
white
orange
Multiple Genes for One Character
epistasis
quantitative trait loci
pleiotropic effects
