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Chapter 7: Moral development, values, and religion :star: (Moral…
Chapter 7: Moral development, values, and religion :star:
Contexts of moral development:
Parenting
Parental discipline
Love withdrawl
Power assertion
Induction
Most effective with middle-SES kids
Children's moral development advances when parents are...
Supportive
Create oppourtunites to gain perspective
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Involve children in decision making
Model moral character
Explain what behaviors are expected and why
Encourage internal moral orientation
Schools
Hidden curriculum
Moral atmosphere of schools created by...
School and classroom rules
Transmit attitudes about lying, cheating, stealing, consideration
Rule enforcement = values
Moral orientation of teachers/administrators
Model ethical/unethical behavior for students
Text materials
Peer relations
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Sustaining climates
focus on...
Students sense of purpose
Social engagement
Community conncetion
Ethics
Contemporary approaches:
Character education
Values clarification
Cognitive moral education
Service learning
Integrative ethical education
Cheating
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Moral development :
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning
Level 1
: Preceonventional reasoning :
Stage 1:
Punishment and obedience origination
Stage 2:
Individualism, instrumental exchange and purpose
Level 2:
Conventional reasoning
Stage 3:
Mutual interpersonal expectations of trust and loyalty
Stage 4:
Social systems; social order, law, justice, duty
Level 3:
Postconventional Reasoning
Stage 5:
Social contract and individual rights
Stage 6:
Universal ethical principles and human rights
Moral behavior
Reinforcement
Punishment
Imitation
Situational variability
Social cognitive theory of moral development
:silhouettes:
Moral competence:
produce moral behavior
Moral performance:
Being able to perform
moral behavior in specific situations
Prosocial behavior :smiley:
Forgiveness
Gratitude
Alturism
Moral Feeling
:
Children may internalize parents standards of right/wrong
Children may conform to moral standards to avoid guilt
Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory
Superego
: personalities branch of morality
Ego ideal
Consience
Empathy
Perspective taking on cognitive level
Changes throuhgout development
Contemporary perspective:
Positive feelings (empathy) contribute to...
Moral development! :
Negative feelings (guilt) contribute to...
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Moral personality
Moral character
Strength of convictions
Persistence
Overcoming obstacles
Virtues
Honesty
Empathy
Conciousness
Moral exemplars
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Role models
Social domain theory
Domains of social knowledge & reasoning:
Moral domain
Social domain
Personal domain
Conventional domain
Values, Religion, and Spirituality
Values
Beliefs/attitudes on why things should be
Adolescents tend to have...
Increased concern for personal well-being
Decreased concern for welfare of others
Recently, increased interest in..
Community issues
Societal values
Religion/Spirituality
Increased interest occurs in adolesence
Associated with positive outcomes in adolescent development
Erikson's identity ideas
Positive relationship with parents:
Adopt parents religion/spirituality
Development influenced by cognitive changes:
Abstract thinking
Idealistic thinking
Logical thinking