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Regionalization and Regionalism (Regionalism positive (Addition of China…
Regionalization and Regionalism
Regionalism positive
Addition of China to ASEAN created a motive force in catalyzing three East Asian regional arrangements: the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP), the ARF and ASEAN+3.
Through the creation of ASEAN+3, networks and connections between East Asian countries have increased, such as negotiations of bilateral agreements. China has signed long-term, security-oriented "cooperation agreements" with Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam among others.
Formulation of East Asian Economic Grouping (EAEG) in 1990 by Malaysian prime minister led to, despite shut down of the proposal by the US, the formation of ASEAN+3 (which includes Japan, China and South Korea).
ASEAN has been and are providing a benign and comfortable regional "village" for geoeconomic cooperation. Because of the establishment of ASEAN, the Southeast Asian region receive recognition as a region.
ASEAN+3 have also created some meetings which also includes NEA powers, and the two cooperation groups have discussed regional security issues.
Regionalization negative:
Because of East Asia´s cooperation and involvement in NEA, the presence of the US as a superpower, has been complicating the development of an East Asian regional identity.
Because of new ties and expanded cooperation due to increased market.driven integration in East Asia, the AFC (Asian Financial Crisis) was a regional financial crisis and had to be dealt with at a regional level.
Many of the trading arrangements in East Asia are bilateral rather than regional multilateral arrangements and most of them still remain in an early state without actual forward movement.
Regionalism negative
In the process of embracing the AFC-generated East Asian regionalism, China was faster than Japan, which led to a leadership race between the nations. China and Japan broke out of the NEA agreement to more directly compete against each other for regional economic leadership in East Asia.
Normative and economic diversities and disparities in the region make it difficult for security regionalism and trade regionalism. Northeast Asia has been more resistant than Southeast Asia in participating in regional multilateral security dialogue and forums, because of high level of great power conflict and rivalry.
Regionalization positive:
Market-driven integration has been occurring in East Asia since mid 1980´s through increased and improved trade and investment linkages, and has been driven by unilateral reforms.
Combining the resources of Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia in creating ASEAN+3, this formation´s process has had a broader strategic objective of engaging especially China in this regional financial regime.
Post-Cold war East Asia and especially NEA, have experienced major economic regionalism because of major economic regionalization.
ASEAN+3 accomplished to create the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI), which also constituted the first step of East Asian monetary integration.
Opinion
:
I don´t think deeper Asian regional integration will occur, even though some agreements probably will continue and even develop. I believe it will still me more of bilateral arrangements and cooperation between a few countries instead of in the large region, because of diversities and differences between countries in economy and politics, and also historically. There are also more difficulties in negotiation strategies the more actors that are involved, which often delays agreements and more time is spend on defining rules.