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Judaism: beliefs and teachings (The nature of God (God as creator (Jews…

- - - - God is a single, whole indivisible being.
      - God is the only being who should be praised and worshipped.
      - Everything in the universe has been created and sustained by this one God.
      - God is the source of all Jewish morality, beliefs and values.
    - - "Here, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD alone. You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might" - Deuteronomy 6:4-5
  - - - Omnipotent = all powerful
      - Omniscient - all knowing
      - Omnipresent = everywhere at all times
  - - - During the festival of Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year). This is when God judges people for their actions over the past year and decides what the coming year will bring them.
      - Many Jews believe they will be judged after death, when God determines how they will spend the afterlife.
    - - The Shekkinah is the presence of God on Earth.
        
        In early Judaism, the Tabernacle was considered to house the divine presence of God.
        
        It was a portable temple that was carried with the Jews on their journey to Canaan.
      - After Canaan was conquered, the Tabernacle was replaced with Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.
        
        This temple was the centre of Jewish worship at the time.
- - - - This has led to differences among Jews about what happens after death.
  - - - Jews do not believe in a place of eternal punishment.
- - - - 1st king of Israel was Saul, who lived around the eleventh century.
        
        Saul was anointed with oil by Samuel before being made king to show he was chosen by God.
  - - - Rule over humanity with kindness and justice.
      - Uphold the law in the Torah and be the ultimate teacher of it.
      - Rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem and gather all Jews back to Israel.
      - Bring in world peace and unite humanity together.
  - - - Some Christians believe that he will come at the end of the world to complete the Kingdom of God - a Messianic age.
    - - Jesus did not observe Torah law strictly enough or establish the Messianic age.
- - - - At the time, people worshipped idols of many different Gods.
        
        From an early age, Abraham became convinced that there was only one God and that worshipping idols was wrong.
        
        Abraham tried to convince people in Ur to stop worshipping idols, but had little success.
        
        Abraham and some of his family decided to leave Ur and travel to Canaan.
        
        Before they reached Canaan, they settled on the way at Haran in Northern Mesopotamia.
        
        Years later, God told Abraham to continue his journey promising to make a great nation through him.
        
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  - - - What did God promise?
        
        To make Abraham the father of many nations.
      - What was required of Abraham?
        
        To agree to 'Walk in My [God's] ways and be blameless.' (Genesis 17:1)
      - How was the covenant sealed?
        
        Through the action of circumcision (this practice is known as Brit Milah).
        
        Abraham proved his acceptance of the covenant by being circumcised and by circumcising all the males in his household.
      - How did God keep his side of the covenant?
        
        To make Abraham the father of many nations, God made it possible for Abraham's wife Sarah to conceive, despite her being very old.
        
        Sarah gave birth to a son called Isaac. His birth is seen by some as a gift from God to mark the start of the covenant between Abraham and God.
- - - - After God had sent a number of plagues to Egypt, the Pharaoh released the Jews,
        
        The Jews left Egypt and wandered many years in the desert in the Sinai region.
        
        When they arrived at Mount Sinai, Moses climbed the mountain, leaving the rest of the Jews at the base.
        
        This is where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments - these were carved on two tablets of stone that Moses carried down the mountain.
  - - - They gives Jews important guidance on how to have a good relationship with God (first four commandments).
        
        They guide Jews on how to have good relationships with each other to create a powerful society (the last 6 commandments).