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Learning Chapter #7 Sara Al-Habashi ^_^ (Applications of Operant…
Learning
Chapter #7
Sara Al-Habashi ^_^
What is
learning
?
Process of acquiring through experience new information or behaviors.
Classical conditioning:
Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
Classical Conditioning:
Extinction.
Spontaneous recovery.
Acquisition.
How do we learn?
Through consequences.
Through acquisition of mental information.
Through association.
Unconditioned response (UR):
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth).
Neutral stimulus (NS):
In classical conditioning,
a stimulus that elicits
no response before conditioning.
Unconditioned stimulus (US):
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR).
Discrimination:
Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the US) and other irrelevant stimuli.
Generalization:
Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
Operant Conditioning:
Reinforcement
:
Any event that strengthens a preceding response
Shaping
:
Gradually guiding toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behaviour.
Applications of Operant Conditioning:
In sports.
At work.
At school.
At home.
Types of Reinforcers:
Positive reinforcer.
Negative reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement.