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PSY234: Introduction Personality Research (Conceptual issues (Nature VS…
PSY234: Introduction Personality Research
Conceptual issues
Freewill VS determinism
Determinism
: Thoughts & behaviours caused by antecedent conditions (TRAIT, EVOLUTIONARY)
Free-will
: Choices not bound by causal conditions (emphasis on moral responsibility)
Idiographic VS Nomothetic
Nomothetic
: Laws and generalisations from objective knowledge (eg. numerical data can be categorised) eg. TRAITS
Idiographic
: Individualistic, uniqueness recognised, understanding the private subjective experience. Data may be information unique to the study
Nature VS Nurture
Nurture:
All environmental influences; social, cultural
Interaction:
Epigenetics
Nature:
Prior to environmental influence, ie. genetics, biological needs
Influences our approach to to child rearing, psychotherapy, social planning
Ethnocentrism
Is personality theory universal or reflect a specific culture (ie European American)
Egocentricism
Our own experience may influence our understanding of personality (potential bias)
Definition
Pattern of behaviour and thinking differentiating one person from another (Outward expression)
Underlying causes of individual behaviour and experience (Inward expression)
Personality theories
Describe and explain behaviour
Synthesis of perception, neuroscience, developmental, motivation
Psychopathological approach
Understand how personalities break down & has implications for therapy
Normal function approach
Understand what is required for good mental health
Subject to logical (coherence) and empirical (do observations support the theory) criticism