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Organizational Behaviour (Individuals (Values (Values influence…
Organizational Behaviour
What is OB?
What it does
Investigate the impact of people at organizations
When they do it
Why they do it
How they do it
Where it came from
Emerged in 1940
Behavioural science built upon many disciplines
Sociology
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Social Psychology
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Psychology
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Anthropology
Challenges
Group
Companionship
Diversity
Individual
Motivation
Ethics
Empowerment
Organizational
Creating great employees
Productivity
Managing in a multicultural world
Individuals
Values
Values influence individuals' attitudes and behaviours
How can we understand values
Rokeach Value Survey
Two sets of values
Terminal
End-Goals
Instrumental
Means for achieving end-goals
Hodgson's General Moral Principles
Loyalty
Promises should be honored
Fairness
People should be treated justtly
Honesty
Truth above all
Humaneness
Accomplish good
Autonomy
Right to self-determination
Common good
Greatest good for greatest number
Dignity of life
Respect for all lives
Perception
What affects perception
Perceiver
Perceivers personal characteristics
Target
Unrelated objects grouped together
Situation
Environment and time
Perceptual Errors
Attribution theory
Try to determine what causes others atypical behaviour
Consensus
What would other people do?
Consistency
Do they always do this?
Distinctiveness
Is this always the case?
Halo Effect
Generalizing
Contrast Effects
Reaction is based on frequent encounters
Projection
Attribute own characteristics to others errors
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Motivation
Intensity, direction and persistence towards a goal
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Higher (Internal)
Social
Self-Actualization
Esteem
Lower (External)
Physiological
Safety
Application
Incentives
Price-Rate Wages
Bonuses
Groups
What is a group and what is a team?
Share leadership
Types of Teams
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Virtual
Use of technology to bridge the gap of location
How do groups and teams develop
Different stages
Independence
Forming
Storming
Norming
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Elements of effective teams
Composition
Personalitites
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Roles
Skills
Work/Design
Skill Diversity
Task Identity
Autonomy
Context
Leadership
Trust
Resources
Process
Accountability
Goals
Vision
Share accountability
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Self-Managed
Employees take many responsibility from former managers
Cross-Functional
Same hierarchy, different areas
Problem-Solving
Member who meet frequently to discuss ways to improve
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Norms
Acceptable standard of behaviour
Differ among groups and societies
Created by
Explicit instructions
Past situations
Events in the group
Communication
How do we communicate with others?
Encoding: Converting Message to symbolic form
Decoding: The interpretation of the message
How does culture affect communication?
High-Context Culture
Reliance on cues and social constructs
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Low-Context Cultures
Reliance on words
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Conflict
Why creates it?
Communciation
Structure in group
Personal variables
The Organization
Ethics in the organization
What is ethical?
Varies in countries and organizations
Culture shapes ethics
How can an organization be creative?
Hiring creative people to create creative potential
Foster creative behaviour
Push for creative outcomes
How is culture formed?
Top managers and founders set the tone of the organization through
Incentives
Ethics
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Priorities
How can you see the organizational culture
Stories
Rituals
Symbols
Who makes decisions?
Chain of command
Line of authority
Through delegation
Centralized or Decentralized organization?
Decentralized: Decisions are delegated throughout
Centralized: One person has a heavy weight in decision making
