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CH.26 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY (Diversity (Species-area Relationship (S=cA^Z (A=…

- - - - more diversity
      - smaller areas
        
        less diversity
  - - - severe conditions
        
        FEW ORGANISMS CAN ADAPT
      - tropical near equator
        
        benign environments
      - northern
        
        lower diversity
      - near equator
        
        higher diversity
  - - - Checklist
        
        incomplete because of fungi
  - - - A= area
        
        c & z =community constants
- - - - by one species predator
        
        herbivore (primary consumer)
    - - Feeding Time
        
        Handling Time
        
        time amount needed to consume prey
        
        how quickly predator finds new prey
      - Prey-Dependent
        
        feeding rate faster
        
        more prey density
    - - density of predator =r/a
        
        r
        
        intrinsic rate increase for prey
        
        a
        
        predator per capità attack rate
      - Prey increase =
        
        Predator increase
  - - - Abundance/Encounter Probability
      - Predator Decision to Attack
        
        spiny or poisonous?
      - Success
        
        digestable?
  - - - organism restricts another access to resource
    - - species consume shared resource
  - - - predator exploits of prey
        
        both species lost
  - - - keep population density at that point
        
        keep species stable
- - - - pollinators
  - - - beavers
- - - - Sea Otter
        
        affects many organisms
      - can only be recognized when removed
- - - - removing dams(ex) to restore
- - - - may reduce damage