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CH 25 POPULATIONS & ECOSYSTEMS (ABIOTIC COMPONENTS OF HABITAT habitat,…
CH 25 POPULATIONS & ECOSYSTEMS
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS OF HABITAT
Altitude
high winds
poor soil
short growing season
intense UV light
Disturbance
snow avalanche
landslides
fires
dry ecosystem
flood
Latitude
seasons
time of days; 12
amount of light
Climate
rainfall
timing+seasonal extremes critical
relative humidity
tolerance range
temp +water
temperature
highs+lows critical
wind
Soil
nutrients
Pioneers
change soil
must tolerate severe condition
Horizon
uppermost
B-Horizon
layer of deposition
C-Horizon
parent rock+fragments
BIOTIC COMPONENTS OF HABITAT
other plants
when several together, possible interaction
Mutualism
could benefit b both organisms
Competition
could be disadvantageous l for one organism
where 2 populations don't grow as well together as they would separately
plant itself
changes the habitat itself
part of it
could be beneficial or detrimental
aids own successful reproduction
other organisms
important to plants habitat
fungi (+bacteria)
pathogenic
prokaryotes
animals
mutualism between these
Commenalism
1 species benefits the other
the other is unaffected
STRUCTURE of POPULATIONS
Age Dist.
population responds to various habitat factors
demography
young, old +middle aged
Geographic Distr.
Ability of plants to spread in geographic area
results from abiotic+biotic adaptations
Limiting Factors
determines health of plant
Photosynthesis
light or carbon can be limiting factor
any factor in ecosystem can act as LF
Local Geographic Distribution.
Random
no pattern
Uniform
orchards
Clumped
seeds falls near plant
STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEMS
Temporal
change during time constitute
spring time
new growth
Species Composition
number + diversity of species
co-exsist
Physiognomic
size +shape
dist. to each other
Life Forms
plant survive stressful seasons
Trophic Levels
feeding levels
Photosynthesis
dominant method
primary producers
autotrophs
secondary producers
herbivores
Decomposers
fungi
bacteria
ENERGY FLOW
CARBON FLOW
plants photosynthesize
energy +carbon
plants are eaten
energy --> herbivore trophic level
carnivore trophic level
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Plant Competition Theories
Competitive Exclusion
whichever species is less adapted
excluded from ecosystem by superior competitors
Overlap Tolerance Ranges
each species uses what the other doesn't
overlap zone
both suitable habitat for both
winner/more adapted gets overlap zone
weaker gets niche zone
Ecosystem-all nonliving environment
Population-same plant species
Community-all populations together
2 FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH
Generation Time
length of time from birth of mother-offspring
Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase
biotic potential
number of offspring produced by individual that lived long enough to reproduce
K
carrying capacity
number of individuals that can live in ecosystem
r
biotic potential
number of offspring produced
large amount
