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Memory (Information Processing Model Of Memory (Long term memory…
Memory
Information Processing Model Of Memory
External Events
Sensory Memory
iconic
very brief memory for visual information
echoic
brief memory for auditory information
Working/Short term memory
based on current needs/attention
limited capacity
limited duration
maintenance rehearsal
Long term memory
stores memory for an indefinite amount of time
stores a large amount of info
process of retrieving
Explicit/Declarative
things we can express
Semantic
facts, knowledge, improves with repetition
Episodic
personally experienced events, weaken with repition
Implicit/non-declarative
things we can do, not able to express
Procedural
how to perform a skill
Conditioning
how to react to a given situation
Encoding
depth of processing
deeper processing leads to better encoding
ex. acoustic, visual, semantic
meaningfulness/context
easier to remember meaningful info
Retrieval
failures: in encoding, storage, retrieval
recall
retrieving info by scanning memory
recognition
retrieving info by evaluating options
cues
context, mood, memory
proactive interference
previous memories interfere with new
retroactive interference
recent memories interfere with old
Processes
encoding
getting info into brain
automatic
processing info without requiring attention
effortful
requires effort
rehearsal
helps, not most effective way
spacing effect
spaced study sessions are more effective than mass study
storage
retaining info
retrieval
getting info out
Other terms:
serial position effect
remember first and list things first
primacy effect
better remember first things
recency effect
better remember last things
mnemonics
chunking