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Magnetism (Magnetic Fields (They originate from the motions of electrons…
Magnetism
Magnetic Fields
They originate from the motions of electrons in atoms. The moving charge creates a small current and a magnetic field. Electrons also spin around their own axes, producing a small magnetic field.
If two electrons spin the same way, their magnetic fields will
add up. If they spin the opposite way, their magnetic fields
cancel out. This is why most materials are not magnetic.
Iron, cobalt, and nickel's electron magnetic fields do not completely cancel out.
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Magnetic domains are groups of atoms
with aligned magnetic poles. Unmagnetized objects have randomly aligned domains, while magnetized objects' domains are all pointing in one direction.
The magnetic field has magnitude and direction,
like the electric field. The symbol for the magnetic
field is B and the unit is the Tesla (T).
Another unit for the magnetic field, the Gauss, is 0.0001 Tesla.
Magnetic field lines always move from one pole
to the other.
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Magnets
Types
Permanent
Made of iron, cobalt or nickel. Will remain a
magnet unless demagnetized by excessive
heating, passing electricity through, or
hammering.
Temporary
A piece of metal that is not usually a magnet
but was magnetized by being near or rubbing
against a magnet.
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