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Knowing what to do: Constraints, discoverability and feedback (5.…
Knowing what to do: Constraints, discoverability and feedback
1. Introduction
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Constraints are powerful clues, limiting the set of possible actions. The thoughtful use of constraints in design lets people readily determine the proper course of action, even in a novel situation.
2. Four Kinds of Constraints: Physical, Cultural, Semantic, and Logical
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SEMANTIC CONSTRAINTS
Semantics is the study of meaning. Semantic constraints are those that rely upon the meaning of the situation to control the set of possible actions.
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LOGICAL CONSTRAINTS
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logical relationship between the spatial or functional layout of components and the things that they affect or are affected by
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CULTURAL NORMS, CONVENTIONS, AND STANDARDS
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Do you kiss or shake hands when meeting someone?
If kissing, on which cheek, and how many times?
Is it an air kiss or an actual one?
...?
3. Applying Affordances, Signifiers, and Constraints to Everyday Objects
THE PROBLEM WITH DOORS
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= unambiguous signifier: 
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Affordances, signifiers, mappings, and constraints can simplify our encounters with everyday objects. Failure to properly deploy these cues leads to problems.
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5. Conventions, Constraints, and Affordances
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Affordances refer to the potential actions that are possible, but these are easily discoverable only if they are perceivable: perceived affordances. It is the signifier component of the perceived affordance that allows people to determine the possible actions.
But how does one go from the perception of an affordance to understanding the potential action? In many cases, through conventions.
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