Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Benefits (Error Reduction, Difficult Exploration,…

- - - - Aristotle invented syllogistic logic, the first formal deductive reasoning system.
    - - Talking heads were said to have been created, Roger Bacon and Albert the Great reputedly among the owners.
      - Ramon Lull, Spanish theologian, invented machines for discovering nonmathematical truths through combinatorics.
      - In 1206 A.D., Al-Jazari, an Arab inventor, designed what is believed to be the first programmable humanoid robot, a boat carrying four mechanical musicians powered by water flow.
    - - Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead published Principia Mathematica, which revolutionaized formal logic. Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Rudolf Carnap lead philosophy into logical analysis of knowledge.
      - Torres y Quevedo built his chess machine 'Ajedrecista', using electromagnets under the board to play the endgame rook and king against the lone king, possibly the first computer game (1912).
      - Claude Shannon published detailed analysis of chess playing as search in "Programming a computer to play chess" (1950).
      - Isaac Asimov published his three laws of robotics (1950).
  - - - john McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence" as the topic of the Dartmouth Conference, the first conference devoted to the subject.
        Demonstration of the first running AI program, the Logic Theorist (LT) written by Allen Newell, J.C. Shaw and Herbert Simon (Carnegie Institute of Technology, now Carnegie Mellon University). See Over the holidays 50 years ago, two scientists hatched artificial intelligence.
    - - SRI robot, Shakey, demonstrated combining locomotion,
        perception and problem solving.
      - Roger Schank (Stanford) defined conceptual dependency model for natural language understanding.
        Later developed (in PhD dissertations at Yale) for use in story understanding by Robert Wilensky and
        Wendy Lehnert, and for use in understanding memory by Janet Kolodner.
      - First International Joint Conference on
        Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) held in Washington, D.C.
    - - Major advances in all areas of AI, with significant demonstrations in machine learning, intelligent tutoring, case-based reasoning, multi-agent planning, scheduling, uncertain reasoning, data mining, natural language understanding and translation, vision, virtual reality, games, and other topics.
      - Rod Brooks' COG Project at MIT,
        with numerous collaborators, makes significant progress
        in building a humanoid robot
      - TD-Gammon, a backgammon program written by Gerry Tesauro, demonstrates that reinforcement learning is powerful enough to create a championship-level game-playing program by competing favorably with world-class players. :
      - EQP theorem prover at Argonne National Labs proves the Robbins Conjecture in mathematics (October-November, 1996). :
      - The Deep Blue chess program beats the current world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in a widely followed match and rematch (See Deep Blue Wins). (May 11th, 1997). :
      - NASA’s pathfinder mission made a successful landing and the first autonomous robotics system, Sojourner, was deployed on the surface of Mars. (July 4, 1997) :
      - First official Robo-Cup soccer match (1997) featuring table-top matches with 40 teams of interacting robots and over 5000 spectators. :
      - Web crawlers and other AI-based information extraction programs become essential in widespread use of the world-wide-web. :
      - Demonstration of an Intelligent Room and Emotional Agents at MIT's AI Lab. Initiation of work on the Oxygen Architecture, which connects mobile and stationary computers in an adaptive network. :