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History of Influences in the Development of Intelligence Theory (Alfred…
History of Influences in the Development of Intelligence Theory
William stern
The Intelligence Quotient, IQ = mental age x 100
chronological age
Alfred Binet
Father of IQ test
The Binet-Simon Scale
measure intelligence of children in accordance with their age.
Examples of 30 series of tests
Le Regard
Recognition of food
Verbal knowledge of objects
Verbal knowledge of pictures
Repetition of three figures
Level of classification
Average: mental age matches chronological age
Advanced: mental age is higher than chronological age
Retarded: mental age is lower than chronological age
Howard Gardner
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Musical Intelligence (Rhythm and music)
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (Analyzing problems and mathematical operations)
Interpersonal Intelligence (Understanding and relating to other people)
Visual-Spatial Intelligence (Visual and spatial judgment)
Intrapersonal Intelligence (Introspection and self-reflection)
Verbal-linguistic intelligence (Words, language, and writing)
Naturalistic Intelligence (Finding patterns and relationships to nature)
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (Physical movement, motor control)
Jean Piaget
The theory of Genetic Epistemology
Four Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor - Birth to age 2,
Preoperational - Age 2 to age 7,
Concrete Operational - Age 7 to age 11 &
Formal Operational - Age 11 to Adulthood.
kinds of knowledge
Physical Knowledge (knowledge about their environment)
Logical-Mathematical knowledge (the ability to think in an abstract, or problem solving way)
Social-arbitrary knowledge (knowledge on how to interact appropriately with others, in order to fit in)
Robert Stenberg
Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence
Componential – Analytic skills
ability to complete academic tasks and solve problems
Practical-Contextual skills
ability to use existing knowledge and skills to modify, adapt to, or select a different environment in order to achieve goals
Experiential – Creativity
ability to use existing knowledge and skills to effectively deal with new and unusual situations
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky
Modern Constructivism: Sociocultural Theory
the more knowledgeable other
anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.
the zone of proximal development
the distance between a student’s ability to perform a task under adult guidance and/or with peer collaboration and the student’s ability solving the problem independently.
social interaction
adults and peers influence individual learning, but also on how cultural beliefs and attitudes impact how instruction and learning take place.
David Wechsler
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (6-16 y/o 11 months)
, Perceptual Reasoning (e.g. matrix reasoning, block design and picture concepts)
Working Memory (e.g. letter-number sequencing and digit-span)
Verbal Comprehension (e.g. similarities, vocabulary and comprehension activities)
Processing Speed (e.g. symbol search and coding)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) (16 - 89 years)
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
the foremother of gifted education ( child test above 180 IQ)
first textbook, taught the first course, and served as the first counselor of the gifted