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Populations and Ecosystems (Plants in Relationship to their Habitats…
Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in Relationship to their Habitats
Abiotic components
nonliving
physical phenomena
climate,soil,altitude,and disturbances
Biotic components
living factors
plant species
animal species
fungi,protists, prokaryotes
mutualism
both benefit
competition
limited resources
niche
particular conditions
commensal
one benefits
one doesnt
Habitat
set of conditions
organism completes
Operational Habitat
known effect or not
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
random distribution
no identifiable pattern
clumped distributions
spacing between plants
rarely average
uniform distribution
evenly spaced
allelochemics
chemicals
alleopathy
inhibition
limiting factor
one factor
determines health
r- and k- selection
r=disturbance
r selected species
annuals or small shrubs
k selected speies
long-lived conifers
douglas firs, redwoods
Age Distribution: Demography
relative proportions of young
middle aged and old individuals
generation time
birth of one individual
to birth of offspring
biotic potential
number of offspring
The Structure of Ecosystems
Temporal Structure
time span
as short as a day
seasons or decades
spring
renewed activity
Species Composition
number and diversity
coexist with environment
Physiognomic Structure
physical size and shape
trees,shrubs,herbs
criterion for classification
plants survives stressful seasons
Trophic Levels
feeding levels
primary producers
autotrophs
first step of any food web
energy and nutrient supply
carnivores
secondary consumer
omnivores
both trophic levels
decomposers
fungi and bacteria
