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Toxicology (Toxidromes (1974, Mofenson and Greensher) (Sympathomimetic…

- - - - severe=> brady, hypotension
        
        naloxone
  - - - first-generation antihistamines, antipsychotics, and class 1A antidysrhythmics.Jimson Weed (Datura stromonium), Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia sp.), Deadly Nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
        
        physostigmine
  - - - organophosphate pesticides; electronic cigarettes ; chemical weapons; mush room
      - pay attention to nicotinic toxicity (postganglionic nerves in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system)
        
        gastrointestinal distress, tachycardia, hypertension, agitated delirium and seizures followed by hypotension, bradycardia, and neuromuscular paralysis
  - - - Cocaine, amphetamines (including cathinone derivatives), and methylxanthines
        
        tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, mydriasis, and hyperthermia.
  - - - 特別的時序變化:
        develops abruptly over hours and resolves quickly over the course of 24–48 h in most scenarios
  - - - NMS begins insidiously and worsens over the course of days；　In the absence of antipsychotic use or dopaminergic drug withdrawal, the diagnosis is not NMS.
- - - - Antidote : opioid (naloxone) , BZD (Flumazenil), organophosphate (2-PAM, atropine), toxic alcohol (紹興酒, fomepizole, HD), digoxin (digi-bond), anticholinergic syndrome(physostigmine), cyanide (hydroxycobalamin), CCB and BB(Ca, and insulin), snake antivenom, Acetaminophen(NAC)
        
        除汙
        
        gastric lavage(undertaken within 1 hour of ingestion, NOT routine), administration of activated charcoal
  - - - HD, HP: toxic alcohols, valproic acid, salicylates, metformin, or lithium
- - - - toxic alcohol (methanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol) 要再算osmal