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Coding (Keywords (Gene: Length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide or for…
Coding
Keywords
Gene: Length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide or for a length of RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression
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Translation: Formation of a protein at ribsomes by assembling amino acids into a particular sequence
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Nature of genetic code
Near universal (in almost all living organisms, the same triplet codes for the same amino acid)
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Non-overlapping (read from a fixed point in groups of three. If a base is added/deleted it causes a frame shift, changing every amino acid)
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Translation
tRNA brings the amino acids and finds their place when the anticodon binds by temporary hydrogen bonds to the complementary codon on the mRNA
Ribosome moves along the length of mRNA, reads the code and a peptide bond is formed when two amino acids are adjacent to eachother
Energy, in the form of ATP, is needed for polypeptide synthesis
Amino acid sequence is therefore determined by the sequence of triplets of nucleotide bases on the DNA
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