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Maritime Pollution & Safety (Inappropriate waste (Quote: "Bad…
Maritime
Pollution &
Safety
Social Innequality
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Social / Political / Economic
Event
Primary source:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X01000343
Description: Social Inequality has an undeniable effect on maritime safety and pollution. With captains recruiting crews who are socially disadvantaged and not paying them fair wages to the blatant racism with ships that are stopped from entering countries borders.
Quote: The development of the Flags of Convenience (FOC) system has had serious repercussions for labour as shipowners, in search of cheaper crews, have recruited ‘crews of convenience’ from developing nations.
Inappropriate waste
Quote: "Bad waste management practices can result in land and air pollution and can cause respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as contaminants are absorbed from the lungs into other parts of the body"
Description: Inappropriate waste influences maritime safety as it is hazardous to marine life.
Primary Source:
http://www.eschooltoday.com/waste-recycling/effects-of-poor-waste-management.html
Behaviour
Environment
Time Span: Industiral Revolution-Current
Piracy
Description: Acts of piracy threaten maritime security by endangering, in particular, the welfare of seafarers and the security of navigation and commerce.
Economic
Quote: Governments, shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews, should also note that in order to prevent and suppress acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships effectively, it is the responsibility of the Coastal State/Port State to develop national and regional legislation and action plans outlining the methods they deem appropriate for prevention of such acts.
Behaviour
Primary source:
Time Span: 15th Century - Current
Corruption
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#
Primary source:
https://richardbistrong.com/corruptions-impact/
Quote: "Corruption drives citizen grievance and mistrust towards the state by corroding rule of Law Institutions. Corruption compromises the security sector, rendering it unable to respond to threats or making it a threat itself. Finally, corruption enables rule of law spoilers-criminals, terrorists, and kleptocrats- to thrive.
Political
Description: With the all of the economic activities that take place at sea this leaves room for corruption by companies and governments alike.
Behaviour
Weak Law Enforcement
Political
Behaviour
Description
: Weak Law Enforcement is one of the major causes of Maritime Pollution and safety. Due to Weak Law enforcement, thousands of overseas crimes are committed, and this ends up contributing to maritime safety and pollution. Weak law enforcement contributes to the lack of safety since there aren't strict consequences to those putting others at harm.
Primary Source:
Primary Source:Weak Law Enforcement
Quote: Law enforcement at sea has become an increasingly important tool for combating transnational crime. Such law enforcement operations are commonly directed by multinational missions composed of military rather than police forces, and are often carried out in maritime areas not subject to national jurisdiction. Because of these characteristics, maritime law enforcement operations touch upon many unresolved human rights issues.
Time Span: Industrial Revolution- Current
Laws at Sea
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#
Political
Description: laws at sea differ from laws on and leaving room for corruption and maniupulation of the rules
Time Span: 15th century to 1973
Quote: The distinction between maritime law enforcement and the use of force at sea is as intricate in law as it is fundamental in practice. Many international legal aspects regarding the determination of the nature of forcible measures against foreign ships at sea have remained largely unexplored.
Primary Source:
http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jmlc28&div=12&id=&page=
Technology
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Time Span: Digital Revolution-Current
Quote: “External actors probe and scan [U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)] networks for vulnerabilities millions of times each day, and over 100 foreign intelligence agencies continually attempt to infiltrate DoD networks,”
Primary Source:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/here-s-what-a-cyber-warfare-arsenal-might-look-like/
Description: The absence of technology for security reasons allows for not only regular violence to take place but also cyber violence, which, with technology, are able to do more harm
Economic
Social
20th Century
15th Century
21st Century
Neolithic Era