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Theories of religion (functionalism (conservative force) (Evaluation…
Theories of religion
functionalism (conservative force)
promotes value consensus and social solidarity
Durkheim
integration
totem
collective conscience
Malinowski
rituals and practices
offers comfort and security
Parsons
psychological outlet
Bellah
civil religion
america unites
work together in unity (alternate view of the world
Evaluation
ignores conflict
religious wars
IRA
ISIS
secularisation
cannot be a uniting force
focuses on primitive society
religion is now pluralistic
religion is a force for social change (neo-marxism)
Marxism (conservative force)
ideological state apparatus
Maintains power of the bourgeoise
capitalist ruling class ideology
Marx: opium of the people
like a drug that offers an illusion
masks inequality
offers a false class consciousness
Offers an escape from reality
pre-determined
Brazil (shanty towns)
poor (no contraception)
cannot get out of the poverty cycle
Evaluation
ignores positive functions
comfort and security
ignores pluralism and diversity
secularisation
Feminism (conservative force)
patriarchal ideologies
justifies why women are oppressed
women are restricted withing the hierarchy of the church
Watson - the veil - avoids the male gaze
women are likely to join fundamentalist religions
expressive role has high status
evaluation
secularisation
many religions are gender blind
Neo-Marxism (social change)
Weber
Calvinism ( pre-determined elect group)
cannot change gods mind as he is all knowing
leads to a salvation panic
we have to work harder to please god
cannot give in to selfish desires
Atheist lifestyle
cannot spend money on themselves
put it back into their businesses
leads to a capitalist society
Liberation theology
priests set out for social change
fight oppression under the protection of the church.
develop literacy and educate the poor
growing commitment of priests to an ideology that supports the poor and opposed violations of human rights.
Maduro and Lowly: its an example of religiously inspired social change
religion can liberate not oppress
there is class inequality between social classes