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WHY DID THE COLD WAR END? (Reagan 1981-1989 ('Rolling back'…
WHY DID THE COLD WAR END?
Reagan 1981-1989
proposed SDI ('Star Wars') :rocket:
forced USSR to summit meetings as they couldn't afford a retaliatory system = can't keep up in arms race
surrender
change in leadership = Gorbachev more open to peace talks
'Rolling back' communism
Afghanistan
Nicaragua
Angola
military support to anti-communist groups when he knew USSR couldn't afford to retaliate
1987 INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)
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:bomb:
removed ALL nuclear/conventional missiles + launchers
showed a willingness to cut down on arms
willingness to negotiate with USSR
only when Gorbachev President
Moscow 1988
Washington 1987
INF
Geneva 1985
began thawing process - agreed to a second meeting
increased military spending
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:moneybag:
defence
arms race (bully USSR out of the arms race)
rhetoric :loudspeaker:
e.g. 'evil empire'
KAL007 :airplane:
1. aggression helps end 2. willingness to negotiate helps end
Gorbachev 1985-1991
withdrew from Afghanistan
'new thinking' - willing to go to Washington :thinking_face:
initiated START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks)
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economic reforms :moneybag:
Perestroika
removed certain market restrictions - encouraged trade/economy (competition)
Glasnost
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openness - transparency e.g. freedom of speech in Soviet Bloc
impact on EE and USSR - opens floodgates to criticisms!
USSR becoming more liberal/capitalist in order to save its economy
ended the Brezhnev Doctrine :forbidden:
'Sinatra Doctrine' - 'they can do it their own way'
e.g. Poland had a non-communist leader in 1989 from democratic elections
e.g. ending of iron curtain - Berlin Wall came down 1989/1990
appealed to the USA - more willingness to negotiate
allowed E Europe more freedom/democracy
1. adopts policies popular with USA
:star:
Soviet economy suffering
:star:
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couldn't afford to keep sending troops to EE
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nationalism in EE and USSR
continue demanding independence/freedom
pressure on communist government to change the situation
more pressure e.g. solidarity in Poland made legal e.g. E Germans trying to move to West e.g. Czechslovakia / Hungary
should Reagan get credit for ending the CW via aggression he knew the USSR could not respond to?
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WHO DESERVES MORE CREDIT?