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Causes of fetal demise (Placental disease (9-24%) (Villitis, chronic…
Causes of fetal demise
Maternal disease (3-8%)
Trauma
Thrombophilia
Poorly controlled diabetes
Thyroid/endocrine
Renal disease
Placental disease (9-24%)
Villitis, chronic intervillousitis
Massive perivillous fibrin
Maternal vascular malperfusion
Abruption
Poor placentation
Placental maldevelopment
Feto-maternal haemorrhage
Cord accidents (5-10%)
Hypercoiling
Strictures
Long cord
Velamentous insertion
Infection (7-12%)
Haematogenous spread of bacterial or viral
maternal infection, e.g sepsis or malaria
Ascending infection ( v common in <25/40)
Twins/multiples
Cord entanglement (momo)
Discordant growth
TTTS
IUGR (8-10%)
Seen in up to 50% of unexpected deaths in some papers
Congenital abnormality (25%)
Spontaneous fetal death
Termination
Unexplained