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Relationships (Physical attractiveness (The 'matching hypothesis',…
Relationships
Physical attractiveness
Buss demonstrated that men place importance on physical attractiveness when choosing a mate- shows fertility and health.
Eastwick et al (2011) suggests that physical attractiveness may be just as important to women as it is to men
However despite this research by Eastwick other psychologists suggest that women want attractive men for ST relationships as opposed to LT.
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Dion et al (1972)- attractive people are rated as successful, kind and sociable when compared with unattractive people
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AO3
Bernstein
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Women have been denied political and economic power, so this could be why they rely on men with good financial prospects and resources
Kasser and Sharma
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Analysis of 37 cultures, found that where women's status and educational opportunities were sharply limited, they relied more heavily on men with good resources
Buller
Claims evolutionary psychologists are mistaken in thinking that females want high status men universally
He pointed out that all studies done on mate preferences were on undergrad students, who are expecting to achieve a high educational status, so therefore look for men with similar prospects
Penton Voak et al
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Some women may copulate with masculine men (high testosterone and good genes) and then choose a partner with a feminine face to bring up the baby. This is called CUCKOLDRY
Buss (1989)
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Procedure:
10,000 people from 37 cultures. PP asked to rate 18 characteristics (Physical attractiveness etc) on how important they were in choosing a mate
Findings:
resources= Women found this more important than men Physical attractiveness and youth= Men found this more important than women (shows fertility and health) Other characteristics= Both sexes wanted intelligent and kind mates
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Norms of Self disclosure= People should engage in only a moderately personal level of self disclosure in the early stages of a relationship.
Derlega and Grzelak (1979) suggests that there shouldn't be so much disclosure that the person thinks they are behaving indiscriminately, but it should also not be so scars that the person doesn't get to know the other better as a result.
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Self disclosure
Key study
Sprecher et al (2013) investigated whether reciprocal self disclosure was more influential in determining attraction than one sided self disclosure and listening
Procedure: 156 undergraduates, paired into 2 person dyads (2/3 were female-female and 1/3 male-female). Self disclosed over skype, 2 conditions (reciprocal and non reciprocal).
Findings: Reciprocal condition reported more liking, closeness and perceived similarity compared with those in the non reciprocal condition . Turn taking in self disclosure is more likely to lead to positive outcomes.
Self disclosure= Jourard (1971), refers to the extent to which a person reveals personal information about themselves (thoughts, feelings). It's an important process in the development of romantic relationships.
In a study of 50 dating couples, Sprecher found that the amount of overall disclosure was predictive of whether the couple stayed together for longer than 4 years.
The type of self disclosure matters, if someone talks about their fears and fantasies this is received much more positively than 'neutral' disclosure like favorite song.
Cultural differences- The amount of self disclosure wanted differs from culture to culture. In the West they disclose intimate details whereas places like Japan do not.
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The matching hypotheses is a theory based on a nomothetic approach- this isn't good as there are significant Individual differences so an idiographic approach would be more appropriate
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