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Noun (Lexico-grammatical class (semantic division) - разряды (human/non…
Noun
Lexico-grammatical class (semantic division) - разряды
human/non-human (personal quality)
countable (singular, plural, can be counted), uncountable (or mass, singular verb, no plural), collective (собирательные, many as a whole) - quantitative structure (languages treat them differently)
animate-inanimate (form of existence) - philosophical doubt of life
concrete/abstract - sense perception (touch, sight, taste, hearing, smell (love, music, darkness?)
proper (capital letter, specific person/place/thing) / common (general sense of person, place, thing) - type of nomination (different languages treat them differently)
Characteristics
Form
Function
Meaning is substance, thingness
Structural class (morphological composition)
derived
compound
simple
Categories
Case (declension forms, relations of noun to other phenomena)
Limited case theory (Sweet, Jespersen, Smirnitsky, Barkhudarov) - traditional approach
common/nominative
posessive/genitive
Posessive postposition (Vorontsova)
no cases (transformation possible) - someone else's daughter = daughter of someone else
not a noun category, can refer to a sentence - the man I saw yesterday's son
Prepositional cases (Curme)
Dative (to+noun, for+noun) and genitive (of+noun)
problems - no opposition, no nominative, few prepositions)
Theory of positional cases (Nestfield, Deutschbein, Bryant)
case is determined by the position of the noun in the sentence)
Nominative (subject), Genitive (strong, inflected, possession), Vocative (address), Dative (indirect object to a verb), Accusative (direct object, of a preposition)
Number - indication of quantity
Plural - strong, marked synthetically (endings and vowel interchange)
Pluralia tantum
trousers, scissors (two halves), environs; maths, linguistics (many branches), measles, mumps
Singularia tantum
material substance (milk, butter), abstract (peace, use)
Collective
singular form, plural meaning (police, people)
singular only - many things collected, regarded as one (foliage, machinery)
singular and plural (family, crowd)
Singular - weak
Problems of number
opposition of three houses (objects) and three hours (duration)
Lexicalisation of plural meaning (cloth-clothes, person-persons, water-waters, customs, pictures, colours)
Gender (sex indication/lack thereof), correspondence to pronouns in 3pSg
James Fernal
human (strong)
masculine
feminine (strong)
non-human (neuter)
J. Leech (pronoun substitution)
non-human
human
masculine (he)
feminine (she)
dual (he/she) - student, doctor, teacher
common (sexless) - baby, child
collective (it/they) - family, police
Marks
morphologically (actor-actress)
semantically (king-queen)
lexically (boyfriend/girlfriend)