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CHAPTER 4 : NUTRIENTS (CARBOHYDRATES (What are carbohydrates?
~ organic…
CHAPTER 4 : NUTRIENTS
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CARBOHYDRATES
What are carbohydrates?
~ organic molecules that are made up of carbon,hydrogen + oxygen (C6H12O6)
~ hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in ratio 2:1
Classification of carbohydrates
(1) Monosaccharides : single sugars ( glucose,fructose & galactose )
(2) Disaccharides : double sugars ( maltose,sucrose & lactose )
(3) Polysaccharides : complex carbohydrates ( starch,cellulose & glycogen )
Reducing sugars : glucose,fructose,maltose & lactose
What is hydrolysis?
~ hydrolysis or hydrolytic reaction is a reaction in which a water molecule is needed to break up a complex molecule into smaller ones ( hydrolysis is used in order to break up maltose into glucose )
Testing for reducing sugar
~ benedict test is used in order to test the presence of reducing sugar
Testing for identifying starch
~iodine test is used in order to test the presence of starch
Functions of carbohydrates
~ to provide energy for cell activities
~ to form supporting structures ( cell wall e.g)
~ to form nucleic acids ( DNA e,g )
~ to synthesise lubricants
~ to be converted into other organic compounds such as amino acids and fats
~ to synthesise nectar in some flowers
What are fats?
~ organic molecules made up of elements carbon,hydrogen
& oxygen
~ unlike carbohydrates,fats contains much less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen
Sources of fats
~ includes butter,cheese,fatty meat & olives
~most fish and white meat have relatively less fats but fishes such as salmon have lots of fats
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What are the functions of fats?
~ a source and store of energy
~ act as an insulating material to prevent excessive heat lost
~ are a solvent for fat soluble vitamins
& some hormones
~ forms the main part of the cell membrane
What are proteins?
~ organic molecules made up of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen & nitrogen
~ are simpler compounds known as amino acids
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Where can proteins be found?
~ can be found in milk,eggs,seafood,and meat such as chicken and lean beef
What are functions of proteins?
~ to synthesis of new protoplasm for growth & repair of worn-out cells
~ to synthesis enzymes & some hormones
~ to synthesis the antibody
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