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Human Growth and Development (Life Stages (adolescence (12-20 yrs), early…
Human Growth and Development
growth
spans an individuals lifetime
begins at birth ends at death
measurable physical changes
development
refers to changes in intellectual, mental, social, emotional, functional skills
process of becoming fully grown
more difficult to measure, but will start simple, and move to more difficult tasks
ex) one must first crawl to walk
A HCW must understand the various stages of an individual and be aware of their needs in order to provide quality HC
Life Stages
adolescence
12-20 yrs
early adulthood
20-40 yrs
late childhood
6-12 yrs
middle adulthood
40-65 yrs
early childhood
1-6 yrs
late adulthood
65+ yrs
Infancy
birth- 1 yr
Because individuals differ greatly, each person has to pass through certain stages of growth and development from birth until death
Main types of development
emotional
refers to feelings and includes dealing with love hate joy etc.
mental
refers to intellectual development and includes learning how to solve problems make judgements and deal with situations
social
refers to interactions and relationships with others
physical
body growth and includes ht and wt changes, muscle, nerve development, changes in body organs
Erik Erickson
psychoanalyst that has identified the 8 stages of psycho-social development
erickson believed that if an individual is not able to resolve a conflict at the appropriate stage, the individual will struggle with the same conflict later in life
hcw must understand that each life stage creates certain needs in people
basic conflicts or needs that must be resolved at each stage
anorexia nervosa
disorder in which binging and fasts occurs or refusal to eat
bulimia
when a person vomits or uses laxatives to get rid of food
bulimarexia
disorder in which person drastically reduces food intake and refuses to eat
chemical abuse
use of substances such as alcohol or drugs and the dvlpmt of a physical or mental dependence on the chemical occurs
reasons: anxiety, peer pressure, hereditary traits
suicide
one of the leading causes of deaths in adolescents
permanent solution to a temporary problem
warning signs
changes in appetite
withdrawl
alcohol/drug abuse
neglect to hygiene
lost of interests
social withdrawl
death and dying
final stage of growth
experienced with everyone, no escape
Dr. Elizabeth Kubler Ross
leading expert in the field of death and dying
5 stages of grieving
bargaining-accepts death but wants more time; pt turns to religion and spiritual beliefs; promises to god
anger-when no longer able to deny, hostile and bitter, alot of blame
depression-realizes death will come soon; regrets, withdrawl
denial- refuses to leave
acceptance- understands and accepts; completes unfinished business, at peace, dies with dignity, helps family with coping
hospice
palliative care only
support and comfort
often in homes, nursing homes, or hospitals
philosophy of hospice: pt to die with dignity and comfort
LIVE promise
voice decisions
engage in personal or community efforts to improve end of life care
implement plans or advanced directives to ensure wishes are honored
learn about end of life services and care
right to die
ethical issue
under these laws specific actions to end life cannot be taken
laws allow
Maslow' Hierarchy of Needs
direct methods
all these methods are directed towards meeting the need
indirect methods
these reduce the need and help relieve the tension created by the unmet need
