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Learning motor skills (Doyon (anatomy (Striatum (long term retention of…

- - - - incremental acuisition of sequential movements
      - Phases
        
        early fast stage
        
        considerable improvement per session
        
        cerebellum, right anterior cingulate, dorsal PMC, inferior parietal
        
        decrease in cortical regions and cerebellar cortex?
        
        later, slow stage
        
        gains in several sessions
        
        striatum, SMA, VLPFC, precuneus, inferior parietal
        
        intermediate stage
        
        consolidation process of routine
        
        aquired
        
        little effort, fully automatized
        
        putamen, cerebellum, PMC
    - - compensate for changes
  - - - caudate
        putamen
        STN
    - - thalamic nuclei
        
        frontal cortex
    - - cortico-cerebellar loop
        
        cerebellum and motor structures
        
        trhough dentate nucleus and thalamus
        
        retention of well trained sequences??
        
        increased connectivity in early learning
        
        decreases later???
    - - long term retention of well-learned seqences
      - motor commands necessary to achieve required motion
      - connection between striatum and hippocampus during post training sleep is necessary for consolidation of new seqential actions
      - decreases with automatization
    - - cognitive
        
        mediating encoding/maintenance of motor sequences
      - right before sequential behaviors are implemented
      - mnemonic prossess
  - - - effector unspecific
      - prosessed explicitly
      - rapidly aquired
      - attentionaly demanding
      - same, regarding what mucles you use
    - - effector specific
      - implicitly processed
      - slowly aquired
      - attentionally less demanding
- - - - ventral
        
        initial learning
      - medial
      - dorsolateral
        
        habitual performance
- - - - sequential movements
    - - new sequences
    - - during learning of new sequences
      - conflict monotoring
    - - motor learning
    - - striatum
        
        anterior
        
        learning new sequences
        
        posterior
        
        execution of learned sequences
    - - motor sequence learning
      - motor and associative regions
    - - learned eye-hand movements
  - - - 2 independent circuits
        
        cortex BG
        
        cortex CB
    - - cannot account for temporal sequences
      - non sequential motor skills
      - ....
      - cant explain everything
- - - - error
- - - - anterior posterior shift
      - re-instatement of preveously learned movement
    - - processing visuo spatial cues
    - - premotor/parietal regions
    - - always involved but decreases
      - destinct movements become movement pattern
    - - in self and externally paced
  - - - learn a set of 2D movement sequences by tracing a maze with their eyes closed