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Cardio (Anatomy of the heart (Valves (aortic semilunar, pulmonary…
Cardio
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Define
End-diastolic volume
labeled in phase 2, volume of blood within the end of diastole, ventricular filling is complete upon termination of atrial contraction and ventricles now hold their max blood volume
End-systolic volume
labeled in phase 2 blood remaining in a ventricle at the
end of systole, subtracting SV from EDV (130-70=60)
Heart rate
Number of beats per minute, stimulates SA node to change its firing rate or AV node to alter amount of delay
Preload
stretch of the heart wall due to the load,
cardiac muscle is subjected before shortening
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out during ventricular contraction
volume of blood ejected during 1 beat ( 70 mL)
Venous return
volume of blood returned to heart via great veins directly related to stroke volume. Determines amount of blood in ventricles at the end of rest immediately prior to contraction
cardiac output
volume of blood ejected by a single ventricle in 1 minute
calculated by multiplying heart rate times stroke volume
After load
resistance in arteries to the ejection of blood by ventricles, pressure that must be exceeded before blood is ejected from chamber
Frank-Starling law
volume of blood entering heart increases; greater stretch of the heart wall; greater overlap of thick and thin filaments in the sarcomeres of the cardiac muscle cells composing the myocardium; allows formation of greater numbers of cross bridges. More forceful ventricular constriction is generated and stroke volume increases
Electrical conduction
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SA Node
beginning/ spread by gap junction, instantaneous excitation of all muscle cell in atrial walls results in cardiac muscle cells in bottom of atria to contract at the same time
Purkinjie Fibers
extend from left and right bundles beginning at apex of heart and then continue through the walls of the ventricles
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