Honors World History Unit I (Conflict, Reform, and the Birth of the Modern World)

Corruption within the Church

Loss of faith in Church

New scientific discoveries

"Indulgences"

Huge epidemics

The Black Death

Contradict Church teachings

Reformers

Martin Luther

John Calvin

Swiss religious leader

reform < revolution

German lawyer/monk

Wrote "95 Theses"

List of things wrong with the Church

Went into hiding due to his views

Called before the Church Courts (Diet of Worms)

Translated the Bible into German

Chaos & War

Counter-Reformation

Breakdown in Government

Increase in religious conflicts

Attempt to reestablish Church control

Spanish Armada (Spain)

Council of Trent

Peasant Wars (Germany)

The Peace of Augsburg (1555)

A treaty that helped to bring peace to much of Europe

Agreed to allow each European state to govern its own religious affairs

"Lets stop killing each other over religion"

The Anabaptists

The Mennonites

The Amish

A religious group that branched out of the Protestant movement

Rejected many of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church

Led by Menno Simon

Led by Jacob Ammen

Conservative view of Protestantism

Practice a very simplistic form of Protestant-influenced Christianity

Simple, slow life

Shun technology & outsiders

The Russian Czars / Feudal Russia

Japanese Shoguns / Feudal Japan

The Ottomans

Filial Piety / Feudal China

Islam

Early England / Magna Carta

A king or queen that rules with unlimited power

Reasons for absolute monarchs

Lasting impacts of absolute monarchs

Monarchs get power from a "divine right" given by God

Answers to God, not the people

Growing violence

Growth of modern European countries/empires

Loss of power by the Church

Modern government starting to form

Desire of monarchs to expand & explore

Modern European countries starting to take shape

France, England, Spain

Not just a religion, but also an ethical system & lifestyle

Sharia Law

Moral code of Islam

The prophet Muhammad

His teachings were recorded in the Qur'an, Islam's holy book

Began his teachings in the holy city of Mecca

The Five Pillars

Prayer

Charity

"One God"

Fasting

Pilgrimage/Haji

Belief in only one God (Allah)

Monotheistic

Must pray 5 times a day in the direction of Mecca

Each year, Muslims must give a fixed amount (2%) of their income to help the poor

The holy month of Ramadan (August-November) refrain from eating during the day

All Muslims who are able to must visit Mecca once in their lifetime

5 day treck

Europe, Africa, Asia (Middle East)

Known for: strong absolute monarchs & major cultural achievements

Started off as religious warriors in the Middle East

Eventually conquered large areas of Africa & Europe

Absolute rule was held by the Sultan/king

Military commander

Political leader

Suleiman the Lawgiver

Well-known for his political reforms & cultural achievements

Very tolerant of other ethnic/religious groups

Feudal Manor system before the Czars

The monarchs = the Czars

The nobles = the Boyars

"Ivan the Terrible"

One of Russia's most powerful absolute monarchs

Added territory to Russia

Peter the Great

Travelled to Europe to learn their ways

Brought back to Russia ideas and lessons he learned

Powerful military leader or warlord in Feudal Japan

Class system = Feudal Europe in Middle Ages

The Samurai

Hired for protection

Bushido

"The Way of the Warrior"

Shipwrecked Portuguese sailors were the first Europeans to arrive in Japan

The idea of putting the family's needs/interests above one's own wishes

Confucius

A Chinese philosopher who came up with the idea

"The Mandate of Heaven"

Emperor displays himself as a "father figure"

Chinese version of "divine right"

Extremely important to Chinese culture

Breaking such piety is looked down upon even today

Prior to the 400's

Romans

Celtics

Early 400's

Anglo-Saxons (German) invaded England

Alfred the Great

Leads the resistance against the Vikings

Eventually gains control of all of England

"William the Conqueror"

Launched an invasion of England to claim the throne

Battle of Hastings

Nobles were concerned for their rights/freedom with William I as king

Final showdown between Harold II & William I

The Magna Carta

An English legal document that spells out certain rights for both the king & his subjects

Unresolved Issues

Nobles demand more say in how their country is run

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began in Italy

Rediscovering lost German art :

Artisans fleeing from eastern europe from ottomans

Weakening Fuedalism

More individual expression

Art:

Michaelangelo

Raphael

Science:

Leonardo Da Vinci

Galileo

Telescope

Writing:

Niccolo Machiavelli

The prince

Shakespeare

Roman empire fell apart(476 AD)

Viking Raiders

from northern Europe

mastor sailors

Muslims (Ottomans)

Middle east/Africa

Goal: conquest

Black Death

Started in Asia(Mongolia)

Spread rapidly(1300's & 1400's)

deadly bacterial disease

Trade routes

armies

biological warfare

land & sea

silk road

swollen glands

attacks immune system

Treatments

misguided efforts

worked efforts

burning cloves/scent

ringing bells

medical workers

blessing keepsakes

quarantines

popes torches

the "cat burnings"

people organized in manor

vassals

knights

nobles

serfs

kings