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Language and Occupation (Power in spoken discourse (Power asymmetry…
Language and Occupation
Power in spoken discourse
Power asymmetry
Marked difference in power status of individuals involved in discourse
Unequal power
Alternative therm for asymmetrical, highlighting the power one speaker has over another.
Less powerful participant
Those with less status in a given context, who are subject to constraints imposed by more powerful participants
Lupton (2003) - there is an asymmetrical relationship between a doctor and a patient.
Coulthard and Sinclair: IRF model
Initiation, response and feedback
Powerful participant
A speaker with a higher status in a given context, who is able to impose a degree of power.
3 Types of Power
Personal Power
Power held by individuals as a result of their role in organisations
Instrumental power
Power used to maintain and enforce authority
Influential power
Power used to influence or persuade others
3 ways language can be affected by occupation
Phatic talk
Koester (2004) - Connecting with others in important especially in the workplace
Malinowski (1972) - "More exchange of words" are used in the workplace
Asymmetrical framework
Jargon
Words/phrases used solely in a particular job