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Push Factors in 19th & Early 20th Century (Unrest & Instability…

- - - - people lived in mountain regions with limited area for plant growth so many suffered from starvation
        
        people living in the southern areas of china (E.X. Fujian, Guangdong) were especially affected
  - - - Grow export + crop (sugar cane, indigo, tobacco instead of rice
        
        famines and epidemics during 1840 + 1850
  - - - Droughts and ineffective agricultural polices also have caused famines, these famines caused 50 million deaths between the 18th and 19th century
        
        The worst famine was the "the Great Famine of 1876 to 1878" This caused many people to leave and work for others instead.
- - - - The Taiping (1850-1864) and Boxer (1898-1901) rebellions are the most known rebellions
        
        The Taiping rebellion started because a guy called Hong Xiuquan claimed that he was the younger brother of Jesus and that he was chosen and sent there to create a kingdom in the place of the "not-so-popular" Qing Dynasty
        
        People who called themselves boxers fought in the rebellion, they practiced the "magic arts" and believed themselves to be bullet proof and able to fly. They would not use guns and would instead use swords and lances
  - - - caused rebellion named indian rebellion
        
        convicts & the captured rebels were sent overseas to do cheap labour in singapore
  - - - The war affected more than two million Javanese people and two thousand people died
        
        and large amount of cultivated land was destroyed causing a lot of the population to move away, searching for a better life
    - - 200,000 died
        1/4 of cultivated land damaged
        
        Javanese left ... people from weak clan left
  - - - cantonese and hakkas in the guangdong province (1855-1867)