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Chapter 13 - Microbe Human Interactions (resident flora include (protozoa,…
Chapter 13 - Microbe Human Interactions
Disease
A deviation in health in which microbes or their products disrupt healthy tissues
Infection
a condition when pathogenic microbes penetrate host defences, multiply, and cause damage to tissues and organs
Infectious Diseases
protists (malaria)
bacteria
fungi /yeasts
viruses (not living)
parasites / worms
Virulence - factors that can cause disease. The precise means in which the microbe invades and damages host tissues
toxigenicity
see pink
antiphagocytic factors
kill or avoid phagocytes.
leukocidins
capsules
exoenzymes
digest epithelial tissue, disrupt the tissue, and allow the invasion of pathogens
collagenase
hyaluronidase
keratinase
mucinase
coagulase
kinase - destroys clots
Toxigenicity
the capacity/ability to produce toxins at the site of multiplication.
endotoxins
parts of the bacterial capsule that are harmful to the body.
for example. Lipid A of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) gram negative bacteria.
gram negative only
exotoxins
are made by bacteria and excreted to help bacteria to survive better
the proteins are secreted by both gram negative and gram positive bacteria
toxinoses are diseases caused by toxins that dmaage structure or function of host cells
toxemia - toxins absorbed by the blood
intoxication - ingested toxins.
Infectious diseases ARE communicable diseases, but not al linfectious diseases are communicable
patterns of disease occurance
epidemic
pandemic
endemic
a disease with a steady frequency over time
sporadic
resident flora include
protozoa
viruses
fungi
arthropods
bacteria
flora is not harboured in organs, urine, or blood
flora is NOT found in the sinuses, bronchus, bronchioles, lungs, urinary bladder, penis, testes, uterine tube, ovary
resident flora is SOMETIMES responsible for contributing agents of infection or diseases (for example dental carries). they develop the immune and gastrointestinal systems
Mechanisms of adhesion
Capsules
stick to host cell with slime layer
E.coli - well developed K antigen capsule
streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus- slime layer attaches cocci to tooth surface
Spike
Virus
HIV/AIDS
Influenza virus spikes
Fimbraie (little feet)
pseudomonas aeruginosa have fimbraie and slime layer
shigella fimbraie attach to intestinal epithelium
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae fimbraie attach to genital epithelium
Hooks/filaments
treponema syphilus - hook embeds into host cell.
Pathogenicity
the property of microorganisms to cause infection and disease