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Rapproachment & Normalization (Deng Xiaoping & Jimmy Carter…
Rapproachment & Normalization
Sino-Soviet Split (Late 1958)
Had formal alliance treaty in 1950
By 1960, open rift
1960, Soviets withdrew advisors
US in vietnam
China's really sad alone
1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis
USSR thought China will drag them over to war
US was involved
Beijing did not talk to Moscow about it
Renegaded on agreement in 1957 helping China with nukes
USSR sent anti-aircraft troops
Growing ideological divide
USSR going moderate
Death on Stalin
Stalin signed China alliance
Nikita Khruschev
Hey Stalin sucks because he ruled under cult of personality
Coexist with US
In China's expense
#
PRC going radical
Great leap forward 1958
Lets get industrialized
Militarizing work
Giant communes
A disaster
UN Membership Issue
ROC held onto China seat post civil war
PRC excluded
1950s ROC had enough support
1960s support going down
Hella new members that were former colonies
US pushes for compromise solution in early 1970s
Kinda loses legitimacy when news gets leaked that Kissinger visited China
1971: UN General Assembly lets PRC into China Seat
ROC not represented since
Road to Rapproachment
By late 1960s China is scared of Soviets
1968: Czechoslovakia (Prague Spring Invasion)
Brezhnev Doctrine
USSR will intervene to make sure Commies will stay in power
China more agrarian, Brezhnev can use as pretext
Still alliance between Sino-Soviets
Growing number of soviet troops deployed near china
Zhenbao island clash
100 heads killed
Nixon in office 1969
Improved relations with china
Facilitates end to Vietnam war
Nixon goes to China !
Shanghai Communique (End of Nixon's visit, Feb 1972)
Areas of common interest
Normalize Relations
Reduce Danger of Conflict
No hegemon in Asia-Pacific region
USSR
Yay tade
Taiwan
PRC claimed as internal affair, one china with PRC in leadership
US acknowledged one china policy
Not really much else
Affirmed that ultimate goal was to withdraw from Taiwan as tensions decreased
More contaxt
Normalized communication
Deng Xiaoping & Jimmy Carter
Pretext
Ford was terrible
Mao dies
Taiwan issue still big
PRC: Lets forget about china post normalization
Normalization Communique (1978)
Diplomatic relations as of Jan 1979
The PRC is the sole legal Government of China
Still will maintain unofficial ties with ROC
American institute in Taiwan
Unofficial but looks really official
Private corporation
Heads from the state department "resign" then work here
Again acknowledges one China policy
Congress gets asked for unofficial ties
Unhappy that its left out the loop
Beefed it up with Taiwan Relations Act (Early 1979)
Security interest in Taiwan
Continued to provide defensive weapons
US might not come to defense though
"Appropriate Action"
Sufficient Self Defense capability
Prez & Congress can only factor Taiwan
Most Favored Nation (MFN) Trading Status
Granting MFN to non-market economies comes under Jackson-Vanic Amendment
Jimmy Carter