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Cardiovascular System & Blood Vessels (Clinical terms (Cardiac Output…
Cardiovascular System & Blood Vessels
Heart
Right side
Right atrium
Receives Deoxygenated blood
Inferior venacava
Superior venacava
Pumps blood into Right ventricle
Right Ventricle
Pumps to Pulmonary trunk/ arteries
Papillary muscle
Chordae tendoneae
Tricuspid valve
Pumps to the lungs
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right coronary artery
Coronary sinus
SA & AV nodes
Left side
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Left ventricle
Pumps to the Aorta
Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Pumps blood to the body
Chordae tendoneae
Papillary muscles
Left coronary artery
Cardiac Muscle contractions
AV and SA nodes initiate the contractions
Causes the action potential
Rapid Depolarization
Partial Repolarization
Plateau
Repolarization
Resting potential
Refractory period
Much Shorter than skeletal muscle
Contain more mitochondria
Half the amount of T-tubules
Pumps in a swirling pattern, more efficient than linear
Electrical conduction
AV node fires
Excitations goes down AV bundle
Excites atrial myocardium
Pukinje fibers distribute excitation to ventricular myocardium
SA node fired
Autonomic control
Sympathetic
Fight or flight response
Increases heart rate
Initiates in spinal cord
Parasympathetic
Initiated in medulla oblongata
Decreases heart rate
Cardiac Cycle
Ventricular ejection
Ventricles contract cause valves to open
Blood empties to pulmonary trunk and aorta
Isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular pressure drops
This allows valves to close, ESV small amount of blood remains
Isovolumetric Contraction
All 4 valves closed, blood in ventricles remains the same
Atrial relaxation and ventricular filling
Atrials fill, pressure is low, ventricles fill
Atrial contraction and ventricular filling
atrial contract and fill ventricles with blood
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
records electrical changes that occur in myocardium in during cycle
Clinical terms
Cardiac Output-Amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 min, measured in liters
Stroke volume-volume of blood ejecting during systol
Heart rate-Number of contractions per minute
Diastolic volume-the amount of blood in the ventricles before systol
Systolic volume-the amount of blood in the ventricles after contraction
Venous returns-amount of blood flowing from the veins to the atriums
Preload- is the same as diastolic volume
Afterload- force the heart creates to eject stroke volume
Frank Starling's law states that the higher the amount of blood that goes in the heart the higher the pressure to pump is out/ stroke volume increases to accommodate volume of blood
Blood vessels
Artery
Takes blood to the body
Vein
Bring blood back to the heart
contain valves
Arteriole
Microscopic artery transition between artery and capillary
Capillaries
single cell walled veins, facilitate gas and waste exchange
Venules
Assist with draining blood back to the heart, connect veins and capillaries