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Energy systems (ATP-PC system (Adenosine Triphosphate) (The break down of…
Energy systems
ATP-PC system
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
The break down of ATP in to ADP is an
Exothermic reaction
NOT effective long-term source of energy as are muscle sarcoplasm has enough ATP for
2-3
seconds of work
so we need to resynthesizing ATP
As the body can only use ATP as an energy source the ADP has to be resynthesized back from ADP to ATP
ATP=
Adenosine Triphosphate
ADP=
Adenosine diphosphate
Reaction one
: PC --> P +Energy
(exothermic energy is released)
Reaction two:
ADP + P +Energy --> ATP
(endothermic energy is required)
The energy released by the breakdown of phosphocreatine is used to
convert
ADP to ATP
there is enough PC stored in the sarcoplasm to
resynthesize ATP for up to 8 to 10 seconds
ATP yield is very low one ATP molecule
The lactic acid system
1)A by-product is
Lactic acid
which lowers the Ph in the muscles
2) leading to denaturing of the enzymes
3)energy can not be produced
4)leading to muscle fatigue
Not as fast as the ATP- PC energy system as there are more reactions
Advantages
Anaerobic form of energy production
Long threshold 2-3 minutes
More ATP is produced
Disadvantages
Takes a bit longer to produce the energy more reactions have to take place
Lactic acid produced which produces fatigue and muscle soreness
The aerobic system
fuel-
glucose (glycogen) and fats
Site of reaction
Glycolysis-sarcoplasm
Kreb's cycle- Matrix of mitochondria
Electron transfer chain- cristae of mitochondria
Active enzyme- (PFK)
ATP yield
36-38 ATP for whole system
2 ATP for glycolysis
2 ATP during kreb's cycle
34 ATP during electron transfer chain
By-Products
Electron transfer chain- H2O
Kreb's cycle - CO2 and Hydrogen atoms
Advantages
NO harmful by-products
Large amount of ATP re-synthesis possible for long duration of sub maximal exercise
Disadvantages
A large number of chemical reactions plus the need for a large supply of oxygen
system suitable only for low-intensity exercise
Threshold
Hours
practical example
Marathon
Triathlon
Glycogen phosphorylates
Glycogen (stored in the sarcoplasm and liver)
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Lactic Acid
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Lactatedehydrogenase
2 ATP (for every one glucose)
Phosphate
Potential energy is stored in the 3rd bond
Adenosine
Phosphate
Phosphate
ATPase
the enzyme
responsible
for the
breakdown
of ATP into ADP
Creatine Kinases
Energy
Phosphocreatine
Phosphate
Creatine
ATP
ADP
Phosphate